type-fest

  • Version 4.26.1
  • Published
  • 384 kB
  • No dependencies
  • (MIT OR CC0-1.0) license

Install

npm i type-fest
yarn add type-fest
pnpm add type-fest

Overview

A collection of essential TypeScript types

Index

Interfaces

Type Aliases

Namespaces

Interfaces

interface AbstractClass

interface AbstractClass<T, Arguments extends unknown[] = any[]>
extends AbstractConstructor<T, Arguments> {}
  • Matches an [abstract class](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/classes.html#abstract-classes).

    Class

property prototype

prototype: Pick<T, keyof T>;

    Type Aliases

    type AbstractConstructor

    type AbstractConstructor<T, Arguments extends unknown[] = any[]> = abstract new (
    ...arguments_: Arguments
    ) => T;
    • Matches an [abstract class](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-2.html#abstract-construct-signatures) constructor.

      Class

    type And

    type And<A extends boolean, B extends boolean> = [A, B][number] extends true
    ? true
    : true extends [IsEqual<A, false>, IsEqual<B, false>][number]
    ? false
    : never;
    • Returns a boolean for whether two given types are both true.

      Use-case: Constructing complex conditional types where multiple conditions must be satisfied.

      Example 1

      import type {And} from 'type-fest';
      And<true, true>;
      //=> true
      And<true, false>;
      //=> false

      See Also

    type Arrayable

    type Arrayable<T> = T | readonly T[];
    • Create a type that represents either the value or an array of the value.

      Example 1

      import type {Arrayable} from 'type-fest';
      function bundle(input: string, output: Arrayable<string>) {
      const outputList = Array.isArray(output) ? output : [output];
      // …
      for (const output of outputList) {
      console.log(`write to: ${output}`);
      }
      }
      bundle('src/index.js', 'dist/index.js');
      bundle('src/index.js', ['dist/index.cjs', 'dist/index.mjs']);

      Array

      See Also

      • Promisable

    type ArrayIndices

    type ArrayIndices<Element extends readonly unknown[]> = Exclude<
    Partial<Element>['length'],
    Element['length']
    >;
    • Provides valid indices for a constant array or tuple.

      Use-case: This type is useful when working with constant arrays or tuples and you want to enforce type-safety for accessing elements by their indices.

      Example 1

      import type {ArrayIndices, ArrayValues} from 'type-fest';
      const weekdays = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday'] as const;
      type Weekday = ArrayIndices<typeof weekdays>;
      type WeekdayName = ArrayValues<typeof weekdays>;
      const getWeekdayName = (day: Weekday): WeekdayName => weekdays[day];

      See Also

    type ArraySlice

    type ArraySlice<
    Array_ extends readonly unknown[],
    Start extends number = never,
    End extends number = never
    > = And<IsEqual<Start, never>, IsEqual<End, never>> extends true
    ? Array_
    : number extends Array_['length']
    ? VariableLengthArraySliceHelper<Array_, Start, End>
    : ArraySliceHelper<
    Array_,
    IsEqual<Start, never> extends true ? 0 : Start,
    IsEqual<End, never> extends true ? Array_['length'] : End
    >;
    • Returns an array slice of a given range, just like Array#slice().

      Example 1

      import type {ArraySlice} from 'type-fest';
      type T0 = ArraySlice<[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]>;
      //=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
      type T1 = ArraySlice<[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], 0, -1>;
      //=> [0, 1, 2, 3]
      type T2 = ArraySlice<[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], 1, -2>;
      //=> [1, 2]
      type T3 = ArraySlice<[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], -2, 4>;
      //=> [3]
      type T4 = ArraySlice<[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], -2, -1>;
      //=> [3]
      type T5 = ArraySlice<[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], 0, -999>;
      //=> []
      function arraySlice<
      const Array_ extends readonly unknown[],
      Start extends number = 0,
      End extends number = Array_['length'],
      >(array: Array_, start?: Start, end?: End) {
      return array.slice(start, end) as ArraySlice<Array_, Start, End>;
      }
      const slice = arraySlice([1, '2', {a: 3}, [4, 5]], 0, -1);
      typeof slice;
      //=> [1, '2', { readonly a: 3; }]
      slice[2].a;
      //=> 3
      // @ts-expect-error -- TS2493: Tuple type '[1, "2", {readonly a: 3}]' of length '3' has no element at index '3'.
      slice[3];

      Array

    type ArraySplice

    type ArraySplice<
    T extends UnknownArray,
    Start extends number,
    DeleteCount extends number,
    Items extends UnknownArray = []
    > = SplitArrayByIndex<T, Start> extends [
    infer U extends UnknownArray,
    infer V extends UnknownArray
    ]
    ? SplitArrayByIndex<V, DeleteCount> extends [
    infer _Deleted extends UnknownArray,
    infer X extends UnknownArray
    ]
    ? [...U, ...Items, ...X]
    : never // Should never happen
    : never;
    • Creates a new array type by adding or removing elements at a specified index range in the original array.

      Use-case: Replace or insert items in an array type.

      Like [Array#splice()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice) but for types.

      Example 1

      type SomeMonths0 = ['January', 'April', 'June'];
      type Mouths0 = ArraySplice<SomeMonths0, 1, 0, ['Feb', 'March']>;
      //=> type Mouths0 = ['January', 'Feb', 'March', 'April', 'June'];
      type SomeMonths1 = ['January', 'April', 'June'];
      type Mouths1 = ArraySplice<SomeMonths1, 1, 1>;
      //=> type Mouths1 = ['January', 'June'];
      type SomeMonths2 = ['January', 'Foo', 'April'];
      type Mouths2 = ArraySplice<SomeMonths2, 1, 1, ['Feb', 'March']>;
      //=> type Mouths2 = ['January', 'Feb', 'March', 'April'];

      Array

    type ArrayTail

    type ArrayTail<TArray extends UnknownArrayOrTuple> = TArray extends readonly [
    unknown,
    ...infer Tail
    ]
    ? Tail
    : [];
    • Extracts the type of an array or tuple minus the first element.

      Example 1

      import type {ArrayTail} from 'type-fest';
      declare const curry: <Arguments extends unknown[], Return>(
      function_: (...arguments_: Arguments) => Return,
      ...arguments_: ArrayTail<Arguments>
      ) => (...arguments_: ArrayTail<Arguments>) => Return;
      const add = (a: number, b: number) => a + b;
      const add3 = curry(add, 3);
      add3(4);
      //=> 7

      Array

    type ArrayValues

    type ArrayValues<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T[number];
    • Provides all values for a constant array or tuple.

      Use-case: This type is useful when working with constant arrays or tuples and you want to enforce type-safety with their values.

      Example 1

      import type {ArrayValues, ArrayIndices} from 'type-fest';
      const weekdays = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday'] as const;
      type WeekdayName = ArrayValues<typeof weekdays>;
      type Weekday = ArrayIndices<typeof weekdays>;
      const getWeekdayName = (day: Weekday): WeekdayName => weekdays[day];

      See Also

    type Asyncify

    type Asyncify<Function_ extends (...arguments_: any[]) => any> = SetReturnType<
    Function_,
    Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Function_>>>
    >;
    • Create an async version of the given function type, by boxing the return type in Promise while keeping the same parameter types.

      Use-case: You have two functions, one synchronous and one asynchronous that do the same thing. Instead of having to duplicate the type definition, you can use Asyncify to reuse the synchronous type.

      Example 1

      import type {Asyncify} from 'type-fest';
      // Synchronous function.
      function getFooSync(someArg: SomeType): Foo {
      // …
      }
      type AsyncifiedFooGetter = Asyncify<typeof getFooSync>;
      //=> type AsyncifiedFooGetter = (someArg: SomeType) => Promise<Foo>;
      // Same as `getFooSync` but asynchronous.
      const getFooAsync: AsyncifiedFooGetter = (someArg) => {
      // TypeScript now knows that `someArg` is `SomeType` automatically.
      // It also knows that this function must return `Promise<Foo>`.
      // If you have `@typescript-eslint/promise-function-async` linter rule enabled, it will even report that "Functions that return promises must be async.".
      // …
      }

      Async

    type AsyncReturnType

    type AsyncReturnType<Target extends AsyncFunction> = Awaited<ReturnType<Target>>;
    • Unwrap the return type of a function that returns a Promise.

      There has been [discussion](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/35998) about implementing this type in TypeScript.

      Example 1

      import type {AsyncReturnType} from 'type-fest';
      import {asyncFunction} from 'api';
      // This type resolves to the unwrapped return type of `asyncFunction`.
      type Value = AsyncReturnType<typeof asyncFunction>;
      async function doSomething(value: Value) {}
      asyncFunction().then(value => doSomething(value));

      Async

    type CamelCase

    type CamelCase<
    Type,
    Options extends CamelCaseOptions = { preserveConsecutiveUppercase: true }
    > = Type extends string
    ? string extends Type
    ? Type
    : Uncapitalize<
    CamelCaseFromArray<
    SplitWords<Type extends Uppercase<Type> ? Lowercase<Type> : Type>,
    Options
    >
    >
    : Type;
    • Convert a string literal to camel-case.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some kebab-cased command-line flags or a snake-cased database result.

      By default, consecutive uppercase letter are preserved. See option to change this behaviour.

      Example 1

      import type {CamelCase} from 'type-fest';
      // Simple
      const someVariable: CamelCase<'foo-bar'> = 'fooBar';
      // Advanced
      type CamelCasedProperties<T> = {
      [K in keyof T as CamelCase<K>]: T[K]
      };
      interface RawOptions {
      'dry-run': boolean;
      'full_family_name': string;
      foo: number;
      BAR: string;
      QUZ_QUX: number;
      'OTHER-FIELD': boolean;
      }
      const dbResult: CamelCasedProperties<RawOptions> = {
      dryRun: true,
      fullFamilyName: 'bar.js',
      foo: 123,
      bar: 'foo',
      quzQux: 6,
      otherField: false
      };

      Change case Template literal

    type CamelCasedProperties

    type CamelCasedProperties<
    Value,
    Options extends CamelCaseOptions = { preserveConsecutiveUppercase: true }
    > = Value extends Function
    ? Value
    : Value extends Array<infer U>
    ? Value
    : {
    [K in keyof Value as CamelCase<K, Options>]: Value[K];
    };
    • Convert object properties to camel case but not recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {CamelCasedProperties} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      UserId: number;
      UserName: string;
      }
      const result: CamelCasedProperties<User> = {
      userId: 1,
      userName: 'Tom',
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • CamelCasedPropertiesDeep

      • CamelCase

    type CamelCasedPropertiesDeep

    type CamelCasedPropertiesDeep<
    Value,
    Options extends CamelCaseOptions = { preserveConsecutiveUppercase: true }
    > = Value extends NonRecursiveType
    ? Value
    : Value extends UnknownArray
    ? CamelCasedPropertiesArrayDeep<Value>
    : Value extends Set<infer U>
    ? Set<CamelCasedPropertiesDeep<U, Options>>
    : {
    [K in keyof Value as CamelCase<K, Options>]: CamelCasedPropertiesDeep<
    Value[K],
    Options
    >;
    };
    • Convert object properties to camel case recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {CamelCasedPropertiesDeep} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      UserId: number;
      UserName: string;
      }
      interface UserWithFriends {
      UserInfo: User;
      UserFriends: User[];
      }
      const result: CamelCasedPropertiesDeep<UserWithFriends> = {
      userInfo: {
      userId: 1,
      userName: 'Tom',
      },
      userFriends: [
      {
      userId: 2,
      userName: 'Jerry',
      },
      {
      userId: 3,
      userName: 'Spike',
      },
      ],
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • CamelCasedProperties

      • CamelCase

    type Class

    type Class<T, Arguments extends unknown[] = any[]> = {
    prototype: Pick<T, keyof T>;
    new (...arguments_: Arguments): T;
    };
    • Matches a [class](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes).

      Class

    type ConditionalExcept

    type ConditionalExcept<Base, Condition> = Except<
    Base,
    ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition>
    >;
    • Exclude keys from a shape that matches the given Condition.

      This is useful when you want to create a new type with a specific set of keys from a shape. For example, you might want to exclude all the primitive properties from a class and form a new shape containing everything but the primitive properties.

      Example 1

      import type {Primitive, ConditionalExcept} from 'type-fest';
      class Awesome {
      name: string;
      successes: number;
      failures: bigint;
      run() {}
      }
      type ExceptPrimitivesFromAwesome = ConditionalExcept<Awesome, Primitive>;
      //=> {run: () => void}

      Example 2

      import type {ConditionalExcept} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      a: string;
      b: string | number;
      c: () => void;
      d: {};
      }
      type NonStringKeysOnly = ConditionalExcept<Example, string>;
      //=> {b: string | number; c: () => void; d: {}}

      Object

    type ConditionalKeys

    type ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition> = {
    // Map through all the keys of the given base type.
    [Key in keyof Base]-?: // Pick only keys with types extending the given `Condition` type.
    Base[Key] extends Condition
    ? // Retain this key
    // If the value for the key extends never, only include it if `Condition` also extends never
    IfNever<Base[Key], IfNever<Condition, Key, never>, Key>
    : // Discard this key since the condition fails.
    never;
    // Convert the produced object into a union type of the keys which passed the conditional test.
    }[keyof Base];
    • Extract the keys from a type where the value type of the key extends the given Condition.

      Internally this is used for the ConditionalPick and ConditionalExcept types.

      Example 1

      import type {ConditionalKeys} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      a: string;
      b: string | number;
      c?: string;
      d: {};
      }
      type StringKeysOnly = ConditionalKeys<Example, string>;
      //=> 'a'

      To support partial types, make sure your Condition is a union of undefined (for example, string | undefined) as demonstrated below.

      Example 2

      import type {ConditionalKeys} from 'type-fest';
      type StringKeysAndUndefined = ConditionalKeys<Example, string | undefined>;
      //=> 'a' | 'c'

      Object

    type ConditionalPick

    type ConditionalPick<Base, Condition> = Pick<Base, ConditionalKeys<Base, Condition>>;
    • Pick keys from the shape that matches the given Condition.

      This is useful when you want to create a new type from a specific subset of an existing type. For example, you might want to pick all the primitive properties from a class and form a new automatically derived type.

      Example 1

      import type {Primitive, ConditionalPick} from 'type-fest';
      class Awesome {
      name: string;
      successes: number;
      failures: bigint;
      run() {}
      }
      type PickPrimitivesFromAwesome = ConditionalPick<Awesome, Primitive>;
      //=> {name: string; successes: number; failures: bigint}

      Example 2

      import type {ConditionalPick} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      a: string;
      b: string | number;
      c: () => void;
      d: {};
      }
      type StringKeysOnly = ConditionalPick<Example, string>;
      //=> {a: string}

      Object

    type ConditionalPickDeep

    type ConditionalPickDeep<
    Type,
    Condition,
    Options extends ConditionalPickDeepOptions = {}
    > = ConditionalSimplifyDeep<
    ConditionalExcept<
    {
    [Key in keyof Type]: AssertCondition<
    Type[Key],
    Condition,
    Options
    > extends true
    ? Type[Key]
    : IsPlainObject<Type[Key]> extends true
    ? ConditionalPickDeep<Type[Key], Condition, Options>
    : typeof conditionalPickDeepSymbol;
    },
    (typeof conditionalPickDeepSymbol | undefined) | EmptyObject
    >,
    never,
    UnknownRecord
    >;
    • Pick keys recursively from the shape that matches the given condition.

      Example 1

      import type {ConditionalPickDeep} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      a: string;
      b: string | boolean;
      c: {
      d: string;
      e: {
      f?: string;
      g?: boolean;
      h: string | boolean;
      i: boolean | bigint;
      };
      j: boolean;
      };
      }
      type StringPick = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, string>;
      //=> {a: string; c: {d: string}}
      type StringPickOptional = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, string | undefined>;
      //=> {a: string; c: {d: string; e: {f?: string}}}
      type StringPickOptionalOnly = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, string | undefined, {condition: 'equality'}>;
      //=> {c: {e: {f?: string}}}
      type BooleanPick = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, boolean | undefined>;
      //=> {c: {e: {g?: boolean}; j: boolean}}
      type NumberPick = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, number>;
      //=> {}
      type StringOrBooleanPick = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, string | boolean>;
      //=> {
      // a: string;
      // b: string | boolean;
      // c: {
      // d: string;
      // e: {
      // h: string | boolean
      // };
      // j: boolean;
      // };
      // }
      type StringOrBooleanPickOnly = ConditionalPickDeep<Example, string | boolean, {condition: 'equality'}>;
      //=> {b: string | boolean; c: {e: {h: string | boolean}}}

      Object

      See Also

      • ConditionalPick

    type ConditionalPickDeepOptions

    type ConditionalPickDeepOptions = {
    /**
    The condition assertion mode.
    @default 'extends'
    */
    condition?: 'extends' | 'equality';
    };
    • ConditionalPickDeep options.

      See Also

      • ConditionalPickDeep

    type Constructor

    type Constructor<T, Arguments extends unknown[] = any[]> = new (
    ...arguments_: Arguments
    ) => T;
    • Matches a [class constructor](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes).

      Class

    type DelimiterCase

    type DelimiterCase<Value, Delimiter extends string> = string extends Value
    ? Value
    : Value extends string
    ? StringArrayToDelimiterCase<
    SplitIncludingDelimiters<Value, WordSeparators | UpperCaseCharacters>,
    true,
    WordSeparators,
    UpperCaseCharacters,
    Delimiter
    >
    : Value;
    • Convert a string literal to a custom string delimiter casing.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting a camel-cased object property to an oddly cased one.

      Example 1

      import type {DelimiterCase} from 'type-fest';
      // Simple
      const someVariable: DelimiterCase<'fooBar', '#'> = 'foo#bar';
      // Advanced
      type OddlyCasedProperties<T> = {
      [K in keyof T as DelimiterCase<K, '#'>]: T[K]
      };
      interface SomeOptions {
      dryRun: boolean;
      includeFile: string;
      foo: number;
      }
      const rawCliOptions: OddlyCasedProperties<SomeOptions> = {
      'dry#run': true,
      'include#file': 'bar.js',
      foo: 123
      };

      Change case Template literal

      See Also

      • KebabCase

      • SnakeCase

    type DelimiterCasedProperties

    type DelimiterCasedProperties<
    Value,
    Delimiter extends string
    > = Value extends Function
    ? Value
    : Value extends Array<infer U>
    ? Value
    : { [K in keyof Value as DelimiterCase<K, Delimiter>]: Value[K] };
    • Convert object properties to delimiter case but not recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {DelimiterCasedProperties} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      const result: DelimiterCasedProperties<User, '-'> = {
      'user-id': 1,
      'user-name': 'Tom',
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • DelimiterCase

      • DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep

    type DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep

    type DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep<
    Value,
    Delimiter extends string
    > = Value extends NonRecursiveType
    ? Value
    : Value extends UnknownArray
    ? DelimiterCasedPropertiesArrayDeep<Value, Delimiter>
    : Value extends Set<infer U>
    ? Set<DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep<U, Delimiter>>
    : {
    [K in keyof Value as DelimiterCase<
    K,
    Delimiter
    >]: DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep<Value[K], Delimiter>;
    };
    • Convert object properties to delimiter case recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      interface UserWithFriends {
      userInfo: User;
      userFriends: User[];
      }
      const result: DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep<UserWithFriends, '-'> = {
      'user-info': {
      'user-id': 1,
      'user-name': 'Tom',
      },
      'user-friends': [
      {
      'user-id': 2,
      'user-name': 'Jerry',
      },
      {
      'user-id': 3,
      'user-name': 'Spike',
      },
      ],
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • DelimiterCase

      • DelimiterCasedProperties

    type DistributedOmit

    type DistributedOmit<
    ObjectType,
    KeyType extends KeysOfUnion<ObjectType>
    > = ObjectType extends unknown ? Omit<ObjectType, KeyType> : never;
    • Omits keys from a type, distributing the operation over a union.

      TypeScript's Omit doesn't distribute over unions, leading to the erasure of unique properties from union members when omitting keys. This creates a type that only retains properties common to all union members, making it impossible to access member-specific properties after the Omit. Essentially, using Omit on a union type merges the types into a less specific one, hindering type narrowing and property access based on discriminants. This type solves that.

      Example:

      type A = {
      discriminant: 'A';
      foo: string;
      a: number;
      };
      type B = {
      discriminant: 'B';
      foo: string;
      b: string;
      };
      type Union = A | B;
      type OmittedUnion = Omit<Union, 'foo'>;
      //=> {discriminant: 'A' | 'B'}
      const omittedUnion: OmittedUnion = createOmittedUnion();
      if (omittedUnion.discriminant === 'A') {
      // We would like to narrow `omittedUnion`'s type
      // to `A` here, but we can't because `Omit`
      // doesn't distribute over unions.
      omittedUnion.a;
      //=> Error: `a` is not a property of `{discriminant: 'A' | 'B'}`
      }

      While Except solves this problem, it restricts the keys you can omit to the ones that are present in **ALL** union members, where DistributedOmit allows you to omit keys that are present in **ANY** union member.

      Example 1

      type A = {
      discriminant: 'A';
      foo: string;
      a: number;
      };
      type B = {
      discriminant: 'B';
      foo: string;
      bar: string;
      b: string;
      };
      type C = {
      discriminant: 'C';
      bar: string;
      c: boolean;
      };
      // Notice that `foo` exists in `A` and `B`, but not in `C`, and
      // `bar` exists in `B` and `C`, but not in `A`.
      type Union = A | B | C;
      type OmittedUnion = DistributedOmit<Union, 'foo' | 'bar'>;
      const omittedUnion: OmittedUnion = createOmittedUnion();
      if (omittedUnion.discriminant === 'A') {
      omittedUnion.a;
      //=> OK
      omittedUnion.foo;
      //=> Error: `foo` is not a property of `{discriminant: 'A'; a: string}`
      omittedUnion.bar;
      //=> Error: `bar` is not a property of `{discriminant: 'A'; a: string}`
      }

      Object

    type DistributedPick

    type DistributedPick<
    ObjectType,
    KeyType extends KeysOfUnion<ObjectType>
    > = ObjectType extends unknown
    ? Pick<ObjectType, Extract<KeyType, keyof ObjectType>>
    : never;
    • Pick keys from a type, distributing the operation over a union.

      TypeScript's Pick doesn't distribute over unions, leading to the erasure of unique properties from union members when picking keys. This creates a type that only retains properties common to all union members, making it impossible to access member-specific properties after the Pick. Essentially, using Pick on a union type merges the types into a less specific one, hindering type narrowing and property access based on discriminants. This type solves that.

      Example:

      type A = {
      discriminant: 'A';
      foo: {
      bar: string;
      };
      };
      type B = {
      discriminant: 'B';
      foo: {
      baz: string;
      };
      };
      type Union = A | B;
      type PickedUnion = Pick<Union, 'discriminant' | 'foo'>;
      //=> {discriminant: 'A' | 'B', foo: {bar: string} | {baz: string}}
      const pickedUnion: PickedUnion = createPickedUnion();
      if (pickedUnion.discriminant === 'A') {
      // We would like to narrow `pickedUnion`'s type
      // to `A` here, but we can't because `Pick`
      // doesn't distribute over unions.
      pickedUnion.foo.bar;
      //=> Error: Property 'bar' does not exist on type '{bar: string} | {baz: string}'.
      }

      Example 1

      type A = {
      discriminant: 'A';
      foo: {
      bar: string;
      };
      extraneous: boolean;
      };
      type B = {
      discriminant: 'B';
      foo: {
      baz: string;
      };
      extraneous: boolean;
      };
      // Notice that `foo.bar` exists in `A` but not in `B`.
      type Union = A | B;
      type PickedUnion = DistributedPick<Union, 'discriminant' | 'foo'>;
      const pickedUnion: PickedUnion = createPickedUnion();
      if (pickedUnion.discriminant === 'A') {
      pickedUnion.foo.bar;
      //=> OK
      pickedUnion.extraneous;
      //=> Error: Property `extraneous` does not exist on type `Pick<A, 'discriminant' | 'foo'>`.
      pickedUnion.foo.baz;
      //=> Error: `bar` is not a property of `{discriminant: 'A'; a: string}`.
      }

      Object

    type EmptyObject

    type EmptyObject = { [emptyObjectSymbol]?: never };
    • Represents a strictly empty plain object, the {} value.

      When you annotate something as the type {}, it can be anything except null and undefined. This means that you cannot use {} to represent an empty plain object ([read more](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47339869/typescript-empty-object-and-any-difference/52193484#52193484)).

      Example 1

      import type {EmptyObject} from 'type-fest';
      // The following illustrates the problem with `{}`.
      const foo1: {} = {}; // Pass
      const foo2: {} = []; // Pass
      const foo3: {} = 42; // Pass
      const foo4: {} = {a: 1}; // Pass
      // With `EmptyObject` only the first case is valid.
      const bar1: EmptyObject = {}; // Pass
      const bar2: EmptyObject = 42; // Fail
      const bar3: EmptyObject = []; // Fail
      const bar4: EmptyObject = {a: 1}; // Fail

      Unfortunately, Record<string, never>, Record<keyof any, never> and Record<never, never> do not work. See .

      Object

    type Entries

    type Entries<BaseType> = BaseType extends Map<unknown, unknown>
    ? MapEntries<BaseType>
    : BaseType extends Set<unknown>
    ? SetEntries<BaseType>
    : BaseType extends readonly unknown[]
    ? ArrayEntries<BaseType>
    : BaseType extends object
    ? ObjectEntries<BaseType>
    : never;
    • Many collections have an entries method which returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. The Entries type will return the type of that collection's entries.

      For example the `Object`, `Map`, `Array`, and `Set` collections all have this method. Note that WeakMap and WeakSet do not have this method since their entries are not enumerable.

      Example 1

      import type {Entries} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      someKey: number;
      }
      const manipulatesEntries = (examples: Entries<Example>) => examples.map(example => [
      // Does some arbitrary processing on the key (with type information available)
      example[0].toUpperCase(),
      // Does some arbitrary processing on the value (with type information available)
      example[1].toFixed()
      ]);
      const example: Example = {someKey: 1};
      const entries = Object.entries(example) as Entries<Example>;
      const output = manipulatesEntries(entries);
      // Objects
      const objectExample = {a: 1};
      const objectEntries: Entries<typeof objectExample> = [['a', 1]];
      // Arrays
      const arrayExample = ['a', 1];
      const arrayEntries: Entries<typeof arrayExample> = [[0, 'a'], [1, 1]];
      // Maps
      const mapExample = new Map([['a', 1]]);
      const mapEntries: Entries<typeof map> = [['a', 1]];
      // Sets
      const setExample = new Set(['a', 1]);
      const setEntries: Entries<typeof setExample> = [['a', 'a'], [1, 1]];

      Object Map Set Array

      See Also

      • Entry if you want to just access the type of a single entry.

    type Entry

    type Entry<BaseType> = BaseType extends Map<unknown, unknown>
    ? MapEntry<BaseType>
    : BaseType extends Set<unknown>
    ? SetEntry<BaseType>
    : BaseType extends readonly unknown[]
    ? ArrayEntry<BaseType>
    : BaseType extends object
    ? ObjectEntry<BaseType>
    : never;
    • Many collections have an entries method which returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs. The Entry type will return the type of that collection's entry.

      For example the `Object`, `Map`, `Array`, and `Set` collections all have this method. Note that WeakMap and WeakSet do not have this method since their entries are not enumerable.

      Example 1

      import type {Entry} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      someKey: number;
      }
      const manipulatesEntry = (example: Entry<Example>) => [
      // Does some arbitrary processing on the key (with type information available)
      example[0].toUpperCase(),
      // Does some arbitrary processing on the value (with type information available)
      example[1].toFixed(),
      ];
      const example: Example = {someKey: 1};
      const entry = Object.entries(example)[0] as Entry<Example>;
      const output = manipulatesEntry(entry);
      // Objects
      const objectExample = {a: 1};
      const objectEntry: Entry<typeof objectExample> = ['a', 1];
      // Arrays
      const arrayExample = ['a', 1];
      const arrayEntryString: Entry<typeof arrayExample> = [0, 'a'];
      const arrayEntryNumber: Entry<typeof arrayExample> = [1, 1];
      // Maps
      const mapExample = new Map([['a', 1]]);
      const mapEntry: Entry<typeof mapExample> = ['a', 1];
      // Sets
      const setExample = new Set(['a', 1]);
      const setEntryString: Entry<typeof setExample> = ['a', 'a'];
      const setEntryNumber: Entry<typeof setExample> = [1, 1];

      Object Map Array Set

      See Also

      • Entries if you want to just access the type of the array of entries (which is the return of the .entries() method).

    type Exact

    type Exact<ParameterType, InputType> =
    // Before distributing, check if the two types are equal and if so, return the parameter type immediately
    IsEqual<ParameterType, InputType> extends true
    ? ParameterType
    : // If the parameter is a primitive, return it as is immediately to avoid it being converted to a complex type
    ParameterType extends Primitive
    ? ParameterType
    : // If the parameter is an unknown, return it as is immediately to avoid it being converted to a complex type
    IsUnknown<ParameterType> extends true
    ? unknown
    : // If the parameter is a Function, return it as is because this type is not capable of handling function, leave it to TypeScript
    ParameterType extends Function
    ? ParameterType
    : // Convert union of array to array of union: A[] & B[] => (A & B)[]
    ParameterType extends unknown[]
    ? Array<Exact<ArrayElement<ParameterType>, ArrayElement<InputType>>>
    : // In TypeScript, Array is a subtype of ReadonlyArray, so always test Array before ReadonlyArray.
    ParameterType extends readonly unknown[]
    ? ReadonlyArray<Exact<ArrayElement<ParameterType>, ArrayElement<InputType>>>
    : ExactObject<ParameterType, InputType>;
    • Create a type that does not allow extra properties, meaning it only allows properties that are explicitly declared.

      This is useful for function type-guarding to reject arguments with excess properties. Due to the nature of TypeScript, it does not complain if excess properties are provided unless the provided value is an object literal.

      Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/12936) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.*

      Example 1

      type OnlyAcceptName = {name: string};
      function onlyAcceptName(arguments_: OnlyAcceptName) {}
      // TypeScript complains about excess properties when an object literal is provided.
      onlyAcceptName({name: 'name', id: 1});
      //=> `id` is excess
      // TypeScript does not complain about excess properties when the provided value is a variable (not an object literal).
      const invalidInput = {name: 'name', id: 1};
      onlyAcceptName(invalidInput); // No errors

      Having Exact allows TypeScript to reject excess properties.

      Example 2

      import {Exact} from 'type-fest';
      type OnlyAcceptName = {name: string};
      function onlyAcceptNameImproved<T extends Exact<OnlyAcceptName, T>>(arguments_: T) {}
      const invalidInput = {name: 'name', id: 1};
      onlyAcceptNameImproved(invalidInput); // Compilation error

      [Read more](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49580725/is-it-possible-to-restrict-typescript-object-to-contain-only-properties-defined)

      Utilities

    type Except

    type Except<
    ObjectType,
    KeysType extends keyof ObjectType,
    Options extends ExceptOptions = { requireExactProps: false }
    > = {
    [KeyType in keyof ObjectType as Filter<KeyType, KeysType>]: ObjectType[KeyType];
    } & (Options['requireExactProps'] extends true
    ? Partial<Record<KeysType, never>>
    : {});
    • Create a type from an object type without certain keys.

      We recommend setting the requireExactProps option to true.

      This type is a stricter version of [Omit](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-5.html#the-omit-helper-type). The Omit type does not restrict the omitted keys to be keys present on the given type, while Except does. The benefits of a stricter type are avoiding typos and allowing the compiler to pick up on rename refactors automatically.

      This type was proposed to the TypeScript team, which declined it, saying they prefer that libraries implement stricter versions of the built-in types ([microsoft/TypeScript#30825](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/30825#issuecomment-523668235)).

      Example 1

      import type {Except} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      a: number;
      b: string;
      };
      type FooWithoutA = Except<Foo, 'a'>;
      //=> {b: string}
      const fooWithoutA: FooWithoutA = {a: 1, b: '2'};
      //=> errors: 'a' does not exist in type '{ b: string; }'
      type FooWithoutB = Except<Foo, 'b', {requireExactProps: true}>;
      //=> {a: number} & Partial<Record<"b", never>>
      const fooWithoutB: FooWithoutB = {a: 1, b: '2'};
      //=> errors at 'b': Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'undefined'.

      Object

    type FindGlobalInstanceType

    type FindGlobalInstanceType<Name extends string> = Name extends string
    ? typeof globalThis extends Record<
    Name,
    abstract new (...arguments: any[]) => infer T
    >
    ? T
    : never
    : never;
    • Tries to find one or more types from their globally-defined constructors.

      Use-case: Conditionally referencing DOM types only when the DOM library present.

      Limitations:* Due to peculiarities with the behavior of globalThis, "globally defined" has a narrow definition in this case. Declaring a class in a declare global block won't work, instead you must declare its type using an interface and declare its constructor as a var (*not* let/const) inside the declare global block.

      Example 1

      import type {FindGlobalInstanceType} from 'type-fest';
      class Point {
      constructor(public x: number, public y: number) {}
      }
      type PointLike = Point | FindGlobalInstanceType<'DOMPoint'>;

      Example 2

      import type {FindGlobalInstanceType} from 'type-fest';
      declare global {
      // Class syntax won't add the key to `globalThis`
      class Foo {}
      // interface + constructor style works
      interface Bar {}
      var Bar: new () => Bar; // Not let or const
      }
      type FindFoo = FindGlobalInstanceType<'Foo'>; // Doesn't work
      type FindBar = FindGlobalInstanceType<'Bar'>; // Works

      Utilities

    type FindGlobalType

    type FindGlobalType<Name extends string> = typeof globalThis extends Record<
    Name,
    infer T
    >
    ? T
    : never;
    • Tries to find the type of a global with the given name.

      Limitations: Due to peculiarities with the behavior of globalThis, "globally defined" only includes var declarations in declare global blocks, not let or const declarations.

      Example 1

      import type {FindGlobalType} from 'type-fest';
      declare global {
      const foo: number; // let and const don't work
      var bar: string; // var works
      }
      type FooType = FindGlobalType<'foo'> //=> never (let/const don't work)
      type BarType = FindGlobalType<'bar'> //=> string
      type OtherType = FindGlobalType<'other'> //=> never (no global named 'other')

      Utilities

    type Finite

    type Finite<T extends number> = T extends PositiveInfinity | NegativeInfinity
    ? never
    : T;
    • A finite number. You can't pass a bigint as they are already guaranteed to be finite.

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      Note: This can't detect NaN, please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/28682) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.

      Example 1

      import type {Finite} from 'type-fest';
      declare function setScore<T extends number>(length: Finite<T>): void;

      Numeric

    type FixedLengthArray

    type FixedLengthArray<
    Element,
    Length extends number,
    ArrayPrototype = [Element, ...Element[]]
    > = Pick<ArrayPrototype, Exclude<keyof ArrayPrototype, ArrayLengthMutationKeys>> & {
    [index: number]: Element;
    [Symbol.iterator]: () => IterableIterator<Element>;
    readonly length: Length;
    };
    • Create a type that represents an array of the given type and length. The array's length and the Array prototype methods that manipulate its length are excluded in the resulting type.

      Please participate in [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/26223) if you want to have a similar type built into TypeScript.

      Use-cases: - Declaring fixed-length tuples or arrays with a large number of items. - Creating a range union (for example, 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 from the keys of such a type) without having to resort to recursive types. - Creating an array of coordinates with a static length, for example, length of 3 for a 3D vector.

      Note: This type does not prevent out-of-bounds access. Prefer ReadonlyTuple unless you need mutability.

      Example 1

      import type {FixedLengthArray} from 'type-fest';
      type FencingTeam = FixedLengthArray<string, 3>;
      const guestFencingTeam: FencingTeam = ['Josh', 'Michael', 'Robert'];
      const homeFencingTeam: FencingTeam = ['George', 'John'];
      //=> error TS2322: Type string[] is not assignable to type 'FencingTeam'
      guestFencingTeam.push('Sam');
      //=> error TS2339: Property 'push' does not exist on type 'FencingTeam'

      Array

      See Also

      • ReadonlyTuple

    type Float

    type Float<T> = T extends unknown // To distributive type
    ? IsFloat<T> extends true
    ? T
    : never
    : never;
    • A number that is not an integer.

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      It does not accept Infinity.

      Example 1

      import type {Float} from 'type-fest';
      declare function setPercentage<T extends number>(length: Float<T>): void;

      See Also

      • Integer

        Numeric

    type Get

    type Get<
    BaseType,
    Path extends
    | readonly string[]
    | LiteralStringUnion<
    ToString<
    | Paths<BaseType, { bracketNotation: false }>
    | Paths<BaseType, { bracketNotation: true }>
    >
    >,
    Options extends GetOptions = {}
    > = GetWithPath<BaseType, Path extends string ? ToPath<Path> : Path, Options>;
    • Get a deeply-nested property from an object using a key path, like Lodash's .get() function.

      Use-case: Retrieve a property from deep inside an API response or some other complex object.

      Example 1

      import type {Get} from 'type-fest';
      import * as lodash from 'lodash';
      const get = <BaseType, Path extends string | readonly string[]>(object: BaseType, path: Path): Get<BaseType, Path> =>
      lodash.get(object, path);
      interface ApiResponse {
      hits: {
      hits: Array<{
      _id: string
      _source: {
      name: Array<{
      given: string[]
      family: string
      }>
      birthDate: string
      }
      }>
      }
      }
      const getName = (apiResponse: ApiResponse) =>
      get(apiResponse, 'hits.hits[0]._source.name');
      //=> Array<{given: string[]; family: string}> | undefined
      // Path also supports a readonly array of strings
      const getNameWithPathArray = (apiResponse: ApiResponse) =>
      get(apiResponse, ['hits','hits', '0', '_source', 'name'] as const);
      //=> Array<{given: string[]; family: string}> | undefined
      // Non-strict mode:
      Get<string[], '3', {strict: false}> //=> string
      Get<Record<string, string>, 'foo', {strict: true}> // => string

      Object Array Template literal

    type GetTagMetadata

    type GetTagMetadata<
    Type extends Tag<TagName, unknown>,
    TagName extends PropertyKey
    > = Type[typeof tag][TagName];
    • Given a type and a tag name, returns the metadata associated with that tag on that type.

      In the example below, one could use Tagged<string, 'JSON'> to represent "a string that is valid JSON". That type might be useful -- for instance, it communicates that the value can be safely passed to JSON.parse without it throwing an exception. However, it doesn't indicate what type of value will be produced on parse (which is sometimes known). JsonOf<T> solves this; it represents "a string that is valid JSON and that, if parsed, would produce a value of type T". The type T is held in the metadata associated with the 'JSON' tag.

      This article explains more about [how tag metadata works and when it can be useful](https://medium.com/@ethanresnick/advanced-typescript-tagged-types-improved-with-type-level-metadata-5072fc125fcf).

      Example 1

      import type {Tagged} from 'type-fest';
      type JsonOf<T> = Tagged<string, 'JSON', T>;
      function stringify<T>(it: T) {
      return JSON.stringify(it) as JsonOf<T>;
      }
      function parse<T extends JsonOf<unknown>>(it: T) {
      return JSON.parse(it) as GetTagMetadata<T, 'JSON'>;
      }
      const x = stringify({ hello: 'world' });
      const parsed = parse(x); // The type of `parsed` is { hello: string }

      Type

    type GlobalThis

    type GlobalThis = typeof globalThis;
    • Declare locally scoped properties on globalThis.

      When defining a global variable in a declaration file is inappropriate, it can be helpful to define a type or interface (say ExtraGlobals) with the global variable and then cast globalThis via code like globalThis as unknown as ExtraGlobals.

      Instead of casting through unknown, you can update your type or interface to extend GlobalThis and then directly cast globalThis.

      Example 1

      import type {GlobalThis} from 'type-fest';
      type ExtraGlobals = GlobalThis & {
      readonly GLOBAL_TOKEN: string;
      };
      (globalThis as ExtraGlobals).GLOBAL_TOKEN;

      Type

    type GreaterThan

    type GreaterThan<A extends number, B extends number> = number extends A | B
    ? never
    : [
    IsEqual<A, PositiveInfinity>,
    IsEqual<A, NegativeInfinity>,
    IsEqual<B, PositiveInfinity>,
    IsEqual<B, NegativeInfinity>
    ] extends infer R extends [boolean, boolean, boolean, boolean]
    ? Or<
    And<IsEqual<R[0], true>, IsEqual<R[2], false>>,
    And<IsEqual<R[3], true>, IsEqual<R[1], false>>
    > extends true
    ? true
    : Or<
    And<IsEqual<R[1], true>, IsEqual<R[3], false>>,
    And<IsEqual<R[2], true>, IsEqual<R[0], false>>
    > extends true
    ? false
    : true extends R[number]
    ? false
    : [IsNegative<A>, IsNegative<B>] extends infer R extends [boolean, boolean]
    ? [true, false] extends R
    ? false
    : [false, true] extends R
    ? true
    : [false, false] extends R
    ? PositiveNumericStringGt<`${A}`, `${B}`>
    : PositiveNumericStringGt<`${NumberAbsolute<B>}`, `${NumberAbsolute<A>}`>
    : never
    : never;
    • Returns a boolean for whether a given number is greater than another number.

      Example 1

      import type {GreaterThan} from 'type-fest';
      GreaterThan<1, -5>;
      //=> true
      GreaterThan<1, 1>;
      //=> false
      GreaterThan<1, 5>;
      //=> false

    type GreaterThanOrEqual

    type GreaterThanOrEqual<A extends number, B extends number> = number extends A | B
    ? never
    : A extends B
    ? true
    : GreaterThan<A, B>;
    • Returns a boolean for whether a given number is greater than or equal to another number.

      Example 1

      import type {GreaterThanOrEqual} from 'type-fest';
      GreaterThanOrEqual<1, -5>;
      //=> true
      GreaterThanOrEqual<1, 1>;
      //=> true
      GreaterThanOrEqual<1, 5>;
      //=> false

    type HasOptionalKeys

    type HasOptionalKeys<BaseType extends object> =
    OptionalKeysOf<BaseType> extends never ? false : true;
    • Creates a type that represents true or false depending on whether the given type has any optional fields.

      This is useful when you want to create an API whose behavior depends on the presence or absence of optional fields.

      Example 1

      import type {HasOptionalKeys, OptionalKeysOf} from 'type-fest';
      type UpdateService<Entity extends object> = {
      removeField: HasOptionalKeys<Entity> extends true
      ? (field: OptionalKeysOf<Entity>) => Promise<void>
      : never
      }

      Utilities

    type HasReadonlyKeys

    type HasReadonlyKeys<BaseType extends object> =
    ReadonlyKeysOf<BaseType> extends never ? false : true;
    • Creates a type that represents true or false depending on whether the given type has any readonly fields.

      This is useful when you want to create an API whose behavior depends on the presence or absence of readonly fields.

      Example 1

      import type {HasReadonlyKeys, ReadonlyKeysOf} from 'type-fest';
      type UpdateService<Entity extends object> = {
      removeField: HasReadonlyKeys<Entity> extends true
      ? (field: ReadonlyKeysOf<Entity>) => Promise<void>
      : never
      }

      Utilities

    type HasRequiredKeys

    type HasRequiredKeys<BaseType extends object> =
    RequiredKeysOf<BaseType> extends never ? false : true;
    • Creates a type that represents true or false depending on whether the given type has any required fields.

      This is useful when you want to create an API whose behavior depends on the presence or absence of required fields.

      Example 1

      import type {HasRequiredKeys} from 'type-fest';
      type GeneratorOptions<Template extends object> = {
      prop1: number;
      prop2: string;
      } & (HasRequiredKeys<Template> extends true
      ? {template: Template}
      : {template?: Template});
      interface Template1 {
      optionalSubParam?: string;
      }
      interface Template2 {
      requiredSubParam: string;
      }
      type Options1 = GeneratorOptions<Template1>;
      type Options2 = GeneratorOptions<Template2>;
      const optA: Options1 = {
      prop1: 0,
      prop2: 'hi'
      };
      const optB: Options1 = {
      prop1: 0,
      prop2: 'hi',
      template: {}
      };
      const optC: Options1 = {
      prop1: 0,
      prop2: 'hi',
      template: {
      optionalSubParam: 'optional value'
      }
      };
      const optD: Options2 = {
      prop1: 0,
      prop2: 'hi',
      template: {
      requiredSubParam: 'required value'
      }
      };

      Utilities

    type HasWritableKeys

    type HasWritableKeys<BaseType extends object> =
    WritableKeysOf<BaseType> extends never ? false : true;
    • Creates a type that represents true or false depending on whether the given type has any writable fields.

      This is useful when you want to create an API whose behavior depends on the presence or absence of writable fields.

      Example 1

      import type {HasWritableKeys, WritableKeysOf} from 'type-fest';
      type UpdateService<Entity extends object> = {
      removeField: HasWritableKeys<Entity> extends true
      ? (field: WritableKeysOf<Entity>) => Promise<void>
      : never
      }

      Utilities

    type IfAny

    type IfAny<T, TypeIfAny = true, TypeIfNotAny = false> = IsAny<T> extends true
    ? TypeIfAny
    : TypeIfNotAny;
    • An if-else-like type that resolves depending on whether the given type is any.

      Example 1

      import type {IfAny} from 'type-fest';
      type ShouldBeTrue = IfAny<any>;
      //=> true
      type ShouldBeBar = IfAny<'not any', 'foo', 'bar'>;
      //=> 'bar'

      Type Guard Utilities

      See Also

    type IfEmptyObject

    type IfEmptyObject<
    T,
    TypeIfEmptyObject = true,
    TypeIfNotEmptyObject = false
    > = IsEmptyObject<T> extends true ? TypeIfEmptyObject : TypeIfNotEmptyObject;
    • An if-else-like type that resolves depending on whether the given type is {}.

      Example 1

      import type {IfEmptyObject} from 'type-fest';
      type ShouldBeTrue = IfEmptyObject<{}>;
      //=> true
      type ShouldBeBar = IfEmptyObject<{key: any}, 'foo', 'bar'>;
      //=> 'bar'

      Type Guard Utilities

      See Also

    type IfNever

    type IfNever<T, TypeIfNever = true, TypeIfNotNever = false> = IsNever<T> extends true
    ? TypeIfNever
    : TypeIfNotNever;
    • An if-else-like type that resolves depending on whether the given type is never.

      Example 1

      import type {IfNever} from 'type-fest';
      type ShouldBeTrue = IfNever<never>;
      //=> true
      type ShouldBeBar = IfNever<'not never', 'foo', 'bar'>;
      //=> 'bar'

      Type Guard Utilities

      See Also

    type IfNull

    type IfNull<T, TypeIfNull = true, TypeIfNotNull = false> = IsNull<T> extends true
    ? TypeIfNull
    : TypeIfNotNull;
    • An if-else-like type that resolves depending on whether the given type is null.

      Example 1

      import type {IfNull} from 'type-fest';
      type ShouldBeTrue = IfNull<null>;
      //=> true
      type ShouldBeBar = IfNull<'not null', 'foo', 'bar'>;
      //=> 'bar'

      Type Guard Utilities

      See Also

    type IfUnknown

    type IfUnknown<
    T,
    TypeIfUnknown = true,
    TypeIfNotUnknown = false
    > = IsUnknown<T> extends true ? TypeIfUnknown : TypeIfNotUnknown;
    • An if-else-like type that resolves depending on whether the given type is unknown.

      Example 1

      import type {IfUnknown} from 'type-fest';
      type ShouldBeTrue = IfUnknown<unknown>;
      //=> true
      type ShouldBeBar = IfUnknown<'not unknown', 'foo', 'bar'>;
      //=> 'bar'

      Type Guard Utilities

      See Also

    type Includes

    type Includes<Value extends readonly any[], Item> = Value extends readonly [
    Value[0],
    ...infer rest
    ]
    ? IsEqual<Value[0], Item> extends true
    ? true
    : Includes<rest, Item>
    : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given array includes the given item.

      This can be useful if another type wants to make a decision based on whether the array includes that item.

      Example 1

      import type {Includes} from 'type-fest';
      type hasRed<array extends any[]> = Includes<array, 'red'>;

      Array

    type Integer

    type Integer<T> = T extends unknown // To distributive type
    ? IsInteger<T> extends true
    ? T
    : never
    : never;
    • A number that is an integer.

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      Example 1

      type Integer = Integer<1>;
      //=> 1
      type IntegerWithDecimal = Integer<1.0>;
      //=> 1
      type NegativeInteger = Integer<-1>;
      //=> -1
      type Float = Integer<1.5>;
      //=> never
      // Supports non-decimal numbers
      type OctalInteger: Integer<0o10>;
      //=> 0o10
      type BinaryInteger: Integer<0b10>;
      //=> 0b10
      type HexadecimalInteger: Integer<0x10>;
      //=> 0x10

      Example 2

      import type {Integer} from 'type-fest';
      declare function setYear<T extends number>(length: Integer<T>): void;

      See Also

      • NegativeInteger

      • NonNegativeInteger

        Numeric

    type IntRange

    type IntRange<
    Start extends number,
    End extends number,
    Step extends number = 1
    > = PrivateIntRange<Start, End, Step>;
    • Generate a union of numbers.

      The numbers are created from the given Start (inclusive) parameter to the given End (exclusive) parameter.

      You skip over numbers using the Step parameter (defaults to 1). For example, IntRange<0, 10, 2> will create a union of 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8.

      Note: Start or End must be non-negative and smaller than 1000.

      Use-cases: 1. This can be used to define a set of valid input/output values. for example: ``` type Age = IntRange<0, 120>; type FontSize = IntRange<10, 20>; type EvenNumber = IntRange<0, 11, 2>; //=> 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 ``` 2. This can be used to define random numbers in a range. For example, type RandomNumber = IntRange<0, 100>;

      Example 1

      import type {IntRange} from 'type-fest';
      // Create union type `0 | 1 | ... | 9`
      type ZeroToNine = IntRange<0, 10>;
      // Create union type `100 | 200 | 300 | ... | 900`
      type Hundreds = IntRange<100, 901, 100>;

    type InvariantOf

    type InvariantOf<Type> = Type & { [invariantBrand]: (_: Type) => Type };
    • Create an [invariant type](https://basarat.gitbook.io/typescript/type-system/type-compatibility#footnote-invariance), which is a type that does not accept supertypes and subtypes.

      Use-case: - Prevent runtime errors that may occur due to assigning subtypes to supertypes. - Improve type signature of object methods like [Object.keys() or Object.entries()](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/12253#issuecomment-263132208) by sealing the object type.

      Example 1

      import type {InvariantOf} from 'type-fest';
      class Animal {
      constructor(public name: string){}
      }
      class Cat extends Animal {
      meow() {}
      }
      let animalArray: Animal[] = [animal];
      let catArray: Cat[] = [cat];
      animalArray = catArray; // Okay if covariant
      animalArray.push(new Animal('another animal')); // Pushed an animal into catArray
      catArray.forEach(c => c.meow()); // Allowed but, error at runtime
      let invariantAnimalArray: InvariantOf<Animal>[] = [animal] as InvariantOf<Animal>[];
      let invariantCatArray: InvariantOf<Cat>[] = [cat] as InvariantOf<Cat>[];
      invariantAnimalArray = invariantCatArray; // Error: Type 'InvariantOf<Cat>[]' is not assignable to type 'InvariantOf<Animal>[]'.

      Example 2

      import type {InvariantOf} from 'type-fest';
      // In covariance (default)
      interface FooBar {
      foo: number;
      bar: string
      }
      interface FooBarBaz extends FooBar {
      baz: boolean
      }
      declare const fooBar: FooBar
      declare const fooBarBaz: FooBarBaz
      function keyOfFooBar(fooBar: FooBar) {
      return Object.keys(fooBar) as (keyof FooBar)[]
      }
      keyOfFooBar(fooBar) //=> (keyof FooBar)[]
      keyOfFooBar(fooBarBaz) //=> (keyof FooBar)[] but, (keyof FooBarBaz)[] at runtime
      // In invariance
      export function invariantOf<Type>(value: Type): InvariantOf<Type> {
      return value as InvariantOf<Type>;
      }
      function keyOfInvariantFooBar(fooBar: InvariantOf<FooBar>) {
      return Object.keys(fooBar) as (keyof FooBar)[]
      }
      keyOfInvariantFooBar(invariantOf(fooBar)); // (keyof FooBar)[]
      keyOfInvariantFooBar(invariantOf(fooBarBaz)); // Error: Argument of type 'InvariantOf<FooBarBaz>' is not assignable to parameter of type 'InvariantOf<FooBar>'.

      Type

    type IsAny

    type IsAny<T> = 0 extends 1 & T ? true : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is any.

      https://stackoverflow.com/a/49928360/1490091

      Useful in type utilities, such as disallowing anys to be passed to a function.

      Example 1

      import type {IsAny} from 'type-fest';
      const typedObject = {a: 1, b: 2} as const;
      const anyObject: any = {a: 1, b: 2};
      function get<O extends (IsAny<O> extends true ? {} : Record<string, number>), K extends keyof O = keyof O>(obj: O, key: K) {
      return obj[key];
      }
      const typedA = get(typedObject, 'a');
      //=> 1
      const anyA = get(anyObject, 'a');
      //=> any

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsBooleanLiteral

    type IsBooleanLiteral<T> = LiteralCheck<T, boolean>;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is a true or false [literal type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types).

      Useful for: - providing strongly-typed functions when given literal arguments - type utilities, such as when constructing parsers and ASTs

      Example 1

      import type {IsBooleanLiteral} from 'type-fest';
      const id = 123;
      type GetId<AsString extends boolean> =
      IsBooleanLiteral<AsString> extends true
      ? AsString extends true
      ? `${typeof id}`
      : typeof id
      : number | string;
      function getId<AsString extends boolean = false>(options?: {asString: AsString}) {
      return (options?.asString ? `${id}` : id) as GetId<AsString>;
      }
      const numberId = getId();
      //=> 123
      const stringId = getId({asString: true});
      //=> '123'
      declare const runtimeBoolean: boolean;
      const eitherId = getId({asString: runtimeBoolean});
      //=> number | string

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsEmptyObject

    type IsEmptyObject<T> = T extends EmptyObject ? true : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the type is strictly equal to an empty plain object, the {} value.

      Example 1

      import type {IsEmptyObject} from 'type-fest';
      type Pass = IsEmptyObject<{}>; //=> true
      type Fail = IsEmptyObject<[]>; //=> false
      type Fail = IsEmptyObject<null>; //=> false

      See Also

      • EmptyObject Object

    type IsEqual

    type IsEqual<A, B> = (<G>() => G extends A ? 1 : 2) extends <G>() => G extends B
    ? 1
    : 2
    ? true
    : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the two given types are equal.

      https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/27024#issuecomment-421529650 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68961864/how-does-the-equals-work-in-typescript/68963796#68963796

      Use-cases: - If you want to make a conditional branch based on the result of a comparison of two types.

      Example 1

      import type {IsEqual} from 'type-fest';
      // This type returns a boolean for whether the given array includes the given item.
      // `IsEqual` is used to compare the given array at position 0 and the given item and then return true if they are equal.
      type Includes<Value extends readonly any[], Item> =
      Value extends readonly [Value[0], ...infer rest]
      ? IsEqual<Value[0], Item> extends true
      ? true
      : Includes<rest, Item>
      : false;

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsFloat

    type IsFloat<T> = T extends number
    ? `${T}` extends `${infer _Sign extends
    | ''
    | '-'}${number}.${infer Decimal extends number}`
    ? Decimal extends Zero
    ? false
    : true
    : false
    : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given number is a float, like 1.5 or -1.5.

      It returns false for Infinity.

      Use-case: - If you want to make a conditional branch based on the result of whether a number is a float or not.

      Example 1

      type Float = IsFloat<1.5>;
      //=> true
      type IntegerWithDecimal = IsInteger<1.0>;
      //=> false
      type NegativeFloat = IsInteger<-1.5>;
      //=> true
      type Infinity_ = IsInteger<Infinity>;
      //=> false

    type IsInteger

    type IsInteger<T> = T extends bigint
    ? true
    : T extends number
    ? number extends T
    ? false
    : T extends PositiveInfinity | NegativeInfinity
    ? false
    : Not<IsFloat<T>>
    : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given number is a integer, like -5, 1.0 or 100.

      Like [Number#IsInteger()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/IsInteger) but for types.

      Use-case: - If you want to make a conditional branch based on the result of whether a number is a intrger or not.

      Example 1

      type Integer = IsInteger<1>;
      //=> true
      type IntegerWithDecimal = IsInteger<1.0>;
      //=> true
      type NegativeInteger = IsInteger<-1>;
      //=> true
      type Float = IsInteger<1.5>;
      //=> false
      // Supports non-decimal numbers
      type OctalInteger: IsInteger<0o10>;
      //=> true
      type BinaryInteger: IsInteger<0b10>;
      //=> true
      type HexadecimalInteger: IsInteger<0x10>;
      //=> true

    type IsLiteral

    type IsLiteral<T> = IsPrimitive<T> extends true
    ? IsNotFalse<IsLiteralUnion<T>>
    : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is a [literal type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types).

      Useful for: - providing strongly-typed functions when given literal arguments - type utilities, such as when constructing parsers and ASTs

      Example 1

      import type {IsLiteral} from 'type-fest';
      // https://github.com/inocan-group/inferred-types/blob/master/src/types/string-literals/StripLeading.ts
      export type StripLeading<A, B> =
      A extends string
      ? B extends string
      ? IsLiteral<A> extends true
      ? string extends B ? never : A extends `${B & string}${infer After}` ? After : A
      : string
      : A
      : A;
      function stripLeading<Input extends string, Strip extends string>(input: Input, strip: Strip) {
      return input.replace(`^${strip}`, '') as StripLeading<Input, Strip>;
      }
      stripLeading('abc123', 'abc');
      //=> '123'
      const str = 'abc123' as string;
      stripLeading(str, 'abc');
      //=> string

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsNegative

    type IsNegative<T extends Numeric> = T extends Negative<T> ? true : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given number is a negative number.

      Example 1

      import type {IsNegative} from 'type-fest';
      type ShouldBeFalse = IsNegative<1>;
      type ShouldBeTrue = IsNegative<-1>;

      Numeric

      See Also

      • Negative

    type IsNever

    type IsNever<T> = [T] extends [never] ? true : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is never.

      https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31751#issuecomment-498526919 https://stackoverflow.com/a/53984913/10292952 https://www.zhenghao.io/posts/ts-never

      Useful in type utilities, such as checking if something does not occur.

      Example 1

      import type {IsNever, And} from 'type-fest';
      // https://github.com/andnp/SimplyTyped/blob/master/src/types/strings.ts
      type AreStringsEqual<A extends string, B extends string> =
      And<
      IsNever<Exclude<A, B>> extends true ? true : false,
      IsNever<Exclude<B, A>> extends true ? true : false
      >;
      type EndIfEqual<I extends string, O extends string> =
      AreStringsEqual<I, O> extends true
      ? never
      : void;
      function endIfEqual<I extends string, O extends string>(input: I, output: O): EndIfEqual<I, O> {
      if (input === output) {
      process.exit(0);
      }
      }
      endIfEqual('abc', 'abc');
      //=> never
      endIfEqual('abc', '123');
      //=> void

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsNull

    type IsNull<T> = [T] extends [null] ? true : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is null.

      Example 1

      import type {IsNull} from 'type-fest';
      type NonNullFallback<T, Fallback> = IsNull<T> extends true ? Fallback : T;
      type Example1 = NonNullFallback<null, string>;
      //=> string
      type Example2 = NonNullFallback<number, string>;
      //=? number

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsNumericLiteral

    type IsNumericLiteral<T> = LiteralChecks<T, Numeric>;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is a number or bigint [literal type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types).

      Useful for: - providing strongly-typed functions when given literal arguments - type utilities, such as when constructing parsers and ASTs

      Example 1

      import type {IsNumericLiteral} from 'type-fest';
      // https://github.com/inocan-group/inferred-types/blob/master/src/types/boolean-logic/EndsWith.ts
      type EndsWith<TValue, TEndsWith extends string> =
      TValue extends string
      ? IsStringLiteral<TEndsWith> extends true
      ? IsStringLiteral<TValue> extends true
      ? TValue extends `${string}${TEndsWith}`
      ? true
      : false
      : boolean
      : boolean
      : TValue extends number
      ? IsNumericLiteral<TValue> extends true
      ? EndsWith<`${TValue}`, TEndsWith>
      : false
      : false;
      function endsWith<Input extends string | number, End extends string>(input: Input, end: End) {
      return `${input}`.endsWith(end) as EndsWith<Input, End>;
      }
      endsWith('abc', 'c');
      //=> true
      endsWith(123456, '456');
      //=> true
      const end = '123' as string;
      endsWith('abc123', end);
      //=> boolean

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsStringLiteral

    type IsStringLiteral<T> = LiteralCheck<T, string>;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is a string [literal type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types).

      Useful for: - providing strongly-typed string manipulation functions - constraining strings to be a string literal - type utilities, such as when constructing parsers and ASTs

      Example 1

      import type {IsStringLiteral} from 'type-fest';
      type CapitalizedString<T extends string> = IsStringLiteral<T> extends true ? Capitalize<T> : string;
      // https://github.com/yankeeinlondon/native-dash/blob/master/src/capitalize.ts
      function capitalize<T extends Readonly<string>>(input: T): CapitalizedString<T> {
      return (input.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() + input.slice(1)) as CapitalizedString<T>;
      }
      const output = capitalize('hello, world!');
      //=> 'Hello, world!'

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsSymbolLiteral

    type IsSymbolLiteral<T> = LiteralCheck<T, symbol>;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is a symbol [literal type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types).

      Useful for: - providing strongly-typed functions when given literal arguments - type utilities, such as when constructing parsers and ASTs

      Example 1

      import type {IsSymbolLiteral} from 'type-fest';
      type Get<Obj extends Record<symbol, number>, Key extends keyof Obj> =
      IsSymbolLiteral<Key> extends true
      ? Obj[Key]
      : number;
      function get<Obj extends Record<symbol, number>, Key extends keyof Obj>(o: Obj, key: Key) {
      return o[key] as Get<Obj, Key>;
      }
      const symbolLiteral = Symbol('literal');
      const symbolValue: symbol = Symbol('value');
      get({[symbolLiteral]: 1} as const, symbolLiteral);
      //=> 1
      get({[symbolValue]: 1} as const, symbolValue);
      //=> number

      Type Guard Utilities

    type IsUnknown

    type IsUnknown<T> = unknown extends T // `T` can be `unknown` or `any`
    ? IsNull<T> extends false // `any` can be `null`, but `unknown` can't be
    ? true
    : false
    : false;
    • Returns a boolean for whether the given type is unknown.

      https://github.com/dsherret/conditional-type-checks/pull/16

      Useful in type utilities, such as when dealing with unknown data from API calls.

      Example 1

      import type {IsUnknown} from 'type-fest';
      // https://github.com/pajecawav/tiny-global-store/blob/master/src/index.ts
      type Action<TState, TPayload = void> =
      IsUnknown<TPayload> extends true
      ? (state: TState) => TState,
      : (state: TState, payload: TPayload) => TState;
      class Store<TState> {
      constructor(private state: TState) {}
      execute<TPayload = void>(action: Action<TState, TPayload>, payload?: TPayload): TState {
      this.state = action(this.state, payload);
      return this.state;
      }
      // ... other methods
      }
      const store = new Store({value: 1});
      declare const someExternalData: unknown;
      store.execute(state => ({value: state.value + 1}));
      //=> `TPayload` is `void`
      store.execute((state, payload) => ({value: state.value + payload}), 5);
      //=> `TPayload` is `5`
      store.execute((state, payload) => ({value: state.value + payload}), someExternalData);
      //=> Errors: `action` is `(state: TState) => TState`

      Utilities

    type IterableElement

    type IterableElement<TargetIterable> = TargetIterable extends Iterable<
    infer ElementType
    >
    ? ElementType
    : TargetIterable extends AsyncIterable<infer ElementType>
    ? ElementType
    : never;
    • Get the element type of an Iterable/AsyncIterable. For example, Array, Set, Map, generator, stream, etc.

      This can be useful, for example, if you want to get the type that is yielded in a generator function. Often the return type of those functions are not specified.

      This type works with both Iterables and AsyncIterables, so it can be use with synchronous and asynchronous generators.

      Here is an example of IterableElement in action with a generator function:

      Example 1

      import type {IterableElement} from 'type-fest';
      function * iAmGenerator() {
      yield 1;
      yield 2;
      }
      type MeNumber = IterableElement<ReturnType<typeof iAmGenerator>>

      And here is an example with an async generator:

      Example 2

      import type {IterableElement} from 'type-fest';
      async function * iAmGeneratorAsync() {
      yield 'hi';
      yield true;
      }
      type MeStringOrBoolean = IterableElement<ReturnType<typeof iAmGeneratorAsync>>

      Many types in JavaScript/TypeScript are iterables. This type works on all types that implement those interfaces.

      An example with an array of strings:

      Example 3

      import type {IterableElement} from 'type-fest';
      type MeString = IterableElement<string[]>

      Example 4

      import type {IterableElement} from 'type-fest';
      const fruits = new Set(['🍎', '🍌', '🍉'] as const);
      type Fruit = IterableElement<typeof fruits>;
      //=> '🍎' | '🍌' | '🍉'

      Iterable

    type Join

    type Join<
    Items extends readonly JoinableItem[],
    Delimiter extends string
    > = Items extends readonly []
    ? ''
    : Items extends readonly [JoinableItem?]
    ? `${NullishCoalesce<Items[0], ''>}`
    : Items extends readonly [
    infer First extends JoinableItem,
    ...infer Tail extends readonly JoinableItem[]
    ]
    ? `${NullishCoalesce<First, ''>}${Delimiter}${Join<Tail, Delimiter>}`
    : Items extends readonly [
    ...infer Head extends readonly JoinableItem[],
    infer Last extends JoinableItem
    ]
    ? `${Join<Head, Delimiter>}${Delimiter}${NullishCoalesce<Last, ''>}`
    : string;
    • Join an array of strings and/or numbers using the given string as a delimiter.

      Use-case: Defining key paths in a nested object. For example, for dot-notation fields in MongoDB queries.

      Example 1

      import type {Join} from 'type-fest';
      // Mixed (strings & numbers) items; result is: 'foo.0.baz'
      const path: Join<['foo', 0, 'baz'], '.'> = ['foo', 0, 'baz'].join('.');
      // Only string items; result is: 'foo.bar.baz'
      const path: Join<['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], '.'> = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'].join('.');
      // Only number items; result is: '1.2.3'
      const path: Join<[1, 2, 3], '.'> = [1, 2, 3].join('.');
      // Only bigint items; result is '1.2.3'
      const path: Join<[1n, 2n, 3n], '.'> = [1n, 2n, 3n].join('.');
      // Only boolean items; result is: 'true.false.true'
      const path: Join<[true, false, true], '.'> = [true, false, true].join('.');
      // Contains nullish items; result is: 'foo..baz..xyz'
      const path: Join<['foo', undefined, 'baz', null, 'xyz'], '.'> = ['foo', undefined, 'baz', null, 'xyz'].join('.');
      // Partial tuple shapes (rest param last); result is: `prefix.${string}`
      const path: Join<['prefix', ...string[]], '.'> = ['prefix'].join('.');
      // Partial tuple shapes (rest param first); result is: `${string}.suffix`
      const path: Join<[...string[], 'suffix'], '.'> = ['suffix'].join('.');
      // Tuples items with nullish unions; result is '.' | 'hello.' | '.world' | 'hello.world'
      const path: Join<['hello' | undefined, 'world' | null], '.'> = ['hello', 'world'].join('.');

      Array Template literal

    type JsonArray

    type JsonArray = JsonValue[] | readonly JsonValue[];
    • Matches a JSON array.

      JSON

    type Jsonifiable

    type Jsonifiable = JsonPrimitive | JsonifiableObject | JsonifiableArray;
    • Matches a value that can be losslessly converted to JSON.

      Can be used to type values that you expect to pass to JSON.stringify.

      undefined is allowed in object fields (for example, {a?: number}) as a special case even though JSON.stringify({a: undefined}) is {} because it makes this class more widely useful and checking for undefined-but-present values is likely an anti-pattern.

      Example 1

      import type {Jsonifiable} from 'type-fest';
      // @ts-expect-error
      const error: Jsonifiable = {
      map: new Map([['a', 1]]),
      };
      JSON.stringify(error);
      //=> {"map": {}}
      const good: Jsonifiable = {
      number: 3,
      date: new Date(),
      missing: undefined,
      }
      JSON.stringify(good);
      //=> {"number": 3, "date": "2022-10-17T22:22:35.920Z"}

      JSON

    type Jsonify

    type Jsonify<T> = IsAny<T> extends true
    ? any
    : T extends PositiveInfinity | NegativeInfinity
    ? null
    : T extends JsonPrimitive
    ? T
    : // Any object with toJSON is special case
    T extends { toJSON(): infer J }
    ? (() => J) extends () => JsonValue // Is J assignable to JsonValue?
    ? J // Then T is Jsonable and its Jsonable value is J
    : Jsonify<J> // Maybe if we look a level deeper we'll find a JsonValue
    : // Instanced primitives are objects
    T extends Number
    ? number
    : T extends String
    ? string
    : T extends Boolean
    ? boolean
    : T extends Map<any, any> | Set<any>
    ? EmptyObject
    : T extends TypedArray
    ? Record<string, number>
    : T extends NotJsonable
    ? never // Non-JSONable type union was found not empty
    : T extends UnknownArray
    ? JsonifyList<T>
    : T extends object
    ? JsonifyObject<UndefinedToOptional<T>> // JsonifyObject recursive call for its children
    : never;
    • Transform a type to one that is assignable to the JsonValue type.

      This includes: 1. Transforming JSON interface to a type that is assignable to JsonValue. 2. Transforming non-JSON value that is *jsonable* to a type that is assignable to JsonValue, where *jsonable* means the non-JSON value implements the .toJSON() method that returns a value that is assignable to JsonValue.

      Remarks

      An interface cannot be structurally compared to JsonValue because an interface can be re-opened to add properties that may not be satisfy JsonValue.

      Example 1

      import type {Jsonify, JsonValue} from 'type-fest';
      interface Geometry {
      type: 'Point' | 'Polygon';
      coordinates: [number, number];
      }
      const point: Geometry = {
      type: 'Point',
      coordinates: [1, 1]
      };
      const problemFn = (data: JsonValue) => {
      // Does something with data
      };
      problemFn(point); // Error: type Geometry is not assignable to parameter of type JsonValue because it is an interface
      const fixedFn = <T>(data: Jsonify<T>) => {
      // Does something with data
      };
      fixedFn(point); // Good: point is assignable. Jsonify<T> transforms Geometry into value assignable to JsonValue
      fixedFn(new Date()); // Error: As expected, Date is not assignable. Jsonify<T> cannot transforms Date into value assignable to JsonValue

      Non-JSON values such as Date implement .toJSON(), so they can be transformed to a value assignable to JsonValue:

      Example 2

      import type {Jsonify} from 'type-fest';
      const time = {
      timeValue: new Date()
      };
      // `Jsonify<typeof time>` is equivalent to `{timeValue: string}`
      const timeJson = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(time)) as Jsonify<typeof time>;

      https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/1897#issuecomment-710744173

      JSON

    type JsonObject

    type JsonObject = { [Key in string]: JsonValue } & {
    [Key in string]?: JsonValue | undefined;
    };
    • Matches a JSON object.

      This type can be useful to enforce some input to be JSON-compatible or as a super-type to be extended from. Don't use this as a direct return type as the user would have to double-cast it: jsonObject as unknown as CustomResponse. Instead, you could extend your CustomResponse type from it to ensure your type only uses JSON-compatible types: interface CustomResponse extends JsonObject { … }.

      JSON

    type JsonPrimitive

    type JsonPrimitive = string | number | boolean | null;
    • Matches any valid JSON primitive value.

      JSON

    type JsonValue

    type JsonValue = JsonPrimitive | JsonObject | JsonArray;
    • Matches any valid JSON value.

      See Also

      • Jsonify if you need to transform a type to one that is assignable to JsonValue.

        JSON

    type KebabCase

    type KebabCase<Value> = DelimiterCase<Value, '-'>;
    • Convert a string literal to kebab-case.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting a camel-cased object property to a kebab-cased CSS class name or a command-line flag.

      Example 1

      import type {KebabCase} from 'type-fest';
      // Simple
      const someVariable: KebabCase<'fooBar'> = 'foo-bar';
      // Advanced
      type KebabCasedProperties<T> = {
      [K in keyof T as KebabCase<K>]: T[K]
      };
      interface CliOptions {
      dryRun: boolean;
      includeFile: string;
      foo: number;
      }
      const rawCliOptions: KebabCasedProperties<CliOptions> = {
      'dry-run': true,
      'include-file': 'bar.js',
      foo: 123
      };

      Change case Template literal

    type KebabCasedProperties

    type KebabCasedProperties<Value> = DelimiterCasedProperties<Value, '-'>;
    • Convert object properties to kebab case but not recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {KebabCasedProperties} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      const result: KebabCasedProperties<User> = {
      'user-id': 1,
      'user-name': 'Tom',
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • KebabCase

      • KebabCasedPropertiesDeep

    type KebabCasedPropertiesDeep

    type KebabCasedPropertiesDeep<Value> = DelimiterCasedPropertiesDeep<Value, '-'>;
    • Convert object properties to kebab case recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type [KebabCasedPropertiesDeep] from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      interface UserWithFriends {
      userInfo: User;
      userFriends: User[];
      }
      const result: KebabCasedPropertiesDeep<UserWithFriends> = {
      'user-info': {
      'user-id': 1,
      'user-name': 'Tom',
      },
      'user-friends': [
      {
      'user-id': 2,
      'user-name': 'Jerry',
      },
      {
      'user-id': 3,
      'user-name': 'Spike',
      },
      ],
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • KebabCase

      • KebabCasedProperties

    type KeysOfUnion

    type KeysOfUnion<ObjectType> = ObjectType extends unknown ? keyof ObjectType : never;
    • Create a union of all keys from a given type, even those exclusive to specific union members.

      Unlike the native keyof keyword, which returns keys present in **all** union members, this type returns keys from **any** member.

      https://stackoverflow.com/a/49402091

      Example 1

      import type {KeysOfUnion} from 'type-fest';
      type A = {
      common: string;
      a: number;
      };
      type B = {
      common: string;
      b: string;
      };
      type C = {
      common: string;
      c: boolean;
      };
      type Union = A | B | C;
      type CommonKeys = keyof Union;
      //=> 'common'
      type AllKeys = KeysOfUnion<Union>;
      //=> 'common' | 'a' | 'b' | 'c'

      Object

    type LastArrayElement

    type LastArrayElement<
    Elements extends readonly unknown[],
    ElementBeforeTailingSpreadElement = never
    > =
    // If the last element of an array is a spread element, the `LastArrayElement` result should be `'the type of the element before the spread element' | 'the type of the spread element'`.
    Elements extends readonly []
    ? ElementBeforeTailingSpreadElement
    : Elements extends readonly [...infer U, infer V]
    ? V
    : Elements extends readonly [infer U, ...infer V]
    ? // If we return `V[number] | U` directly, it would be wrong for `[[string, boolean, object, ...number[]]`.
    // So we need to recurse type `V` and carry over the type of the element before the spread element.
    LastArrayElement<V, U>
    : Elements extends ReadonlyArray<infer U>
    ? U | ElementBeforeTailingSpreadElement
    : never;
    • Extracts the type of the last element of an array.

      Use-case: Defining the return type of functions that extract the last element of an array, for example [lodash.last](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.15#last).

      Example 1

      import type {LastArrayElement} from 'type-fest';
      declare function lastOf<V extends readonly any[]>(array: V): LastArrayElement<V>;
      const array = ['foo', 2];
      typeof lastOf(array);
      //=> number
      const array = ['foo', 2] as const;
      typeof lastOf(array);
      //=> 2

      Array Template literal

    type LessThan

    type LessThan<A extends number, B extends number> = number extends A | B
    ? never
    : GreaterThanOrEqual<A, B> extends true
    ? false
    : true;
    • Returns a boolean for whether a given number is less than another number.

      Example 1

      import type {LessThan} from 'type-fest';
      LessThan<1, -5>;
      //=> false
      LessThan<1, 1>;
      //=> false
      LessThan<1, 5>;
      //=> true

    type LessThanOrEqual

    type LessThanOrEqual<A extends number, B extends number> = number extends A | B
    ? never
    : GreaterThan<A, B> extends true
    ? false
    : true;
    • Returns a boolean for whether a given number is less than or equal to another number.

      Example 1

      import type {LessThanOrEqual} from 'type-fest';
      LessThanOrEqual<1, -5>;
      //=> false
      LessThanOrEqual<1, 1>;
      //=> true
      LessThanOrEqual<1, 5>;
      //=> true

    type LiteralToPrimitive

    type LiteralToPrimitive<T> = T extends number
    ? number
    : T extends bigint
    ? bigint
    : T extends string
    ? string
    : T extends boolean
    ? boolean
    : T extends symbol
    ? symbol
    : T extends null
    ? null
    : T extends undefined
    ? undefined
    : never;
    • Given a [literal type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types) return the primitive type it belongs to, or never if it's not a primitive.

      Use-case: Working with generic types that may be literal types.

      Example 1

      import type {LiteralToPrimitive} from 'type-fest';
      // No overloads needed to get the correct return type
      function plus<T extends number | bigint | string>(x: T, y: T): LiteralToPrimitive<T> {
      return x + (y as any);
      }
      plus('a', 'b'); // string
      plus(1, 2); // number
      plus(1n, 2n); // bigint

      Type

    type LiteralToPrimitiveDeep

    type LiteralToPrimitiveDeep<T> = T extends object
    ? T extends Array<infer U>
    ? Array<LiteralToPrimitiveDeep<U>>
    : {
    [K in keyof OmitIndexSignature<T>]: LiteralToPrimitiveDeep<T[K]>;
    }
    : LiteralToPrimitive<T>;
    • Like LiteralToPrimitive except it converts literal types inside an object or array deeply.

      For example, given a constant object, it returns a new object type with the same keys but with all the values converted to primitives.

      Example 1

      import type {LiteralToPrimitiveDeep, TsConfigJson} from 'type-fest';
      import tsconfig from 'path/to/tsconfig.json';
      function doSomethingWithTSConfig(config: LiteralToPrimitiveDeep<TsConfigJson>) { ... }
      // No casting is needed to pass the type check
      doSomethingWithTSConfig(tsconfig);
      // If LiteralToPrimitiveDeep is not used, you need to cast the imported data like this:
      doSomethingWithTSConfig(tsconfig as TsConfigJson);

      Type Object

      See Also

      • LiteralToPrimitive

        Use-case: Deal with data that is imported from a JSON file.

    type LiteralUnion

    type LiteralUnion<LiteralType, BaseType extends Primitive> =
    | LiteralType
    | (BaseType & Record<never, never>);
    • Allows creating a union type by combining primitive types and literal types without sacrificing auto-completion in IDEs for the literal type part of the union.

      Currently, when a union type of a primitive type is combined with literal types, TypeScript loses all information about the combined literals. Thus, when such type is used in an IDE with autocompletion, no suggestions are made for the declared literals.

      This type is a workaround for [Microsoft/TypeScript#29729](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29729). It will be removed as soon as it's not needed anymore.

      Example 1

      import type {LiteralUnion} from 'type-fest';
      // Before
      type Pet = 'dog' | 'cat' | string;
      const pet: Pet = '';
      // Start typing in your TypeScript-enabled IDE.
      // You **will not** get auto-completion for `dog` and `cat` literals.
      // After
      type Pet2 = LiteralUnion<'dog' | 'cat', string>;
      const pet: Pet2 = '';
      // You **will** get auto-completion for `dog` and `cat` literals.

      Type

    type Merge

    type Merge<Destination, Source> = Simplify<
    SimpleMerge<PickIndexSignature<Destination>, PickIndexSignature<Source>> &
    SimpleMerge<OmitIndexSignature<Destination>, OmitIndexSignature<Source>>
    >;
    • Merge two types into a new type. Keys of the second type overrides keys of the first type.

      Example 1

      import type {Merge} from 'type-fest';
      interface Foo {
      [x: string]: unknown;
      [x: number]: unknown;
      foo: string;
      bar: symbol;
      }
      type Bar = {
      [x: number]: number;
      [x: symbol]: unknown;
      bar: Date;
      baz: boolean;
      };
      export type FooBar = Merge<Foo, Bar>;
      // => {
      // [x: string]: unknown;
      // [x: number]: number;
      // [x: symbol]: unknown;
      // foo: string;
      // bar: Date;
      // baz: boolean;
      // }

      Object

    type MergeDeep

    type MergeDeep<
    Destination,
    Source,
    Options extends MergeDeepOptions = {}
    > = MergeDeepWithDefaultOptions<
    SimplifyDeepExcludeArray<Destination>,
    SimplifyDeepExcludeArray<Source>,
    Options
    >;
    • Merge two objects or two arrays/tuples recursively into a new type.

      - Properties that only exist in one object are copied into the new object. - Properties that exist in both objects are merged if possible or replaced by the one of the source if not. - Top-level arrays and tuples are always spread. - By default, inner arrays and tuples are replaced. See option to change this behaviour. - By default, individual array/tuple elements are not affected. See option to change this behaviour.

      Example 1

      import type {MergeDeep} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      life: number;
      items: string[];
      a: {b: string; c: boolean; d: number[]};
      };
      interface Bar {
      name: string;
      items: number[];
      a: {b: number; d: boolean[]};
      }
      type FooBar = MergeDeep<Foo, Bar>;
      // {
      // life: number;
      // name: string;
      // items: number[];
      // a: {b: number; c: boolean; d: boolean[]};
      // }
      type FooBar = MergeDeep<Foo, Bar, {arrayMergeMode: 'spread'}>;
      // {
      // life: number;
      // name: string;
      // items: (string | number)[];
      // a: {b: number; c: boolean; d: (number | boolean)[]};
      // }

      Example 2

      import type {MergeDeep} from 'type-fest';
      // Merge two arrays
      type ArrayMerge = MergeDeep<string[], number[]>; // => (string | number)[]
      // Merge two tuples
      type TupleMerge = MergeDeep<[1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b']>; // => (1 | 2 | 3 | 'a' | 'b')[]
      // Merge an array into a tuple
      type TupleArrayMerge = MergeDeep<[1, 2, 3], string[]>; // => (string | 1 | 2 | 3)[]
      // Merge a tuple into an array
      type ArrayTupleMerge = MergeDeep<number[], ['a', 'b']>; // => (number | 'b' | 'a')[]

      Example 3

      import type {MergeDeep, MergeDeepOptions} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {foo: 'foo'; fooBar: string[]};
      type Bar = {bar: 'bar'; fooBar: number[]};
      type FooBar = MergeDeep<Foo, Bar>;
      // { foo: "foo"; bar: "bar"; fooBar: number[]}
      type FooBarSpread = MergeDeep<Foo, Bar, {arrayMergeMode: 'spread'}>;
      // { foo: "foo"; bar: "bar"; fooBar: (string | number)[]}
      type FooBarArray = MergeDeep<Foo[], Bar[]>;
      // (Foo | Bar)[]
      type FooBarArrayDeep = MergeDeep<Foo[], Bar[], {recurseIntoArrays: true}>;
      // FooBar[]
      type FooBarArraySpreadDeep = MergeDeep<Foo[], Bar[], {recurseIntoArrays: true; arrayMergeMode: 'spread'}>;
      // FooBarSpread[]
      type FooBarTupleDeep = MergeDeep<[Foo, true, 42], [Bar, 'life'], {recurseIntoArrays: true}>;
      // [FooBar, 'life', 42]
      type FooBarTupleWithArrayDeep = MergeDeep<[Foo[], true], [Bar[], 'life', 42], {recurseIntoArrays: true}>;
      // [FooBar[], 'life', 42]

      Example 4

      import type {MergeDeep, MergeDeepOptions} from 'type-fest';
      function mergeDeep<Destination, Source, Options extends MergeDeepOptions = {}>(
      destination: Destination,
      source: Source,
      options?: Options,
      ): MergeDeep<Destination, Source, Options> {
      // Make your implementation ...
      }

      This type is marked as experimental because it depends on ConditionalSimplifyDeep which itself is experimental.

      See Also

      Modifiers

      • @experimental

    type MergeDeepOptions

    type MergeDeepOptions = {
    /**
    Merge mode for array and tuple.
    When we walk through the properties of the objects and the same key is found and both are array or tuple, a merge mode must be chosen:
    - `replace`: Replaces the destination value by the source value. This is the default mode.
    - `spread`: Spreads the destination and the source values.
    See {@link MergeDeep} for usages and examples.
    Note: Top-level arrays and tuples are always spread.
    @default 'replace'
    */
    arrayMergeMode?: ArrayMergeMode;
    /**
    Whether to affect the individual elements of arrays and tuples.
    If this option is set to `true` the following rules are applied:
    - If the source does not contain the key, the value of the destination is returned.
    - If the source contains the key and the destination does not contain the key, the value of the source is returned.
    - If both contain the key, try to merge according to the chosen {@link MergeDeepOptions.arrayMergeMode arrayMergeMode} or return the source if unable to merge.
    @default false
    */
    recurseIntoArrays?: boolean;
    };

    type MergeExclusive

    type MergeExclusive<FirstType, SecondType> = FirstType | SecondType extends object
    ?
    | (Without<FirstType, SecondType> & SecondType)
    | (Without<SecondType, FirstType> & FirstType)
    : FirstType | SecondType;
    • Create a type that has mutually exclusive keys.

      This type was inspired by [this comment](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/14094#issuecomment-373782604).

      This type works with a helper type, called Without. Without<FirstType, SecondType> produces a type that has only keys from FirstType which are not present on SecondType and sets the value type for these keys to never. This helper type is then used in MergeExclusive to remove keys from either FirstType or SecondType.

      Example 1

      import type {MergeExclusive} from 'type-fest';
      interface ExclusiveVariation1 {
      exclusive1: boolean;
      }
      interface ExclusiveVariation2 {
      exclusive2: string;
      }
      type ExclusiveOptions = MergeExclusive<ExclusiveVariation1, ExclusiveVariation2>;
      let exclusiveOptions: ExclusiveOptions;
      exclusiveOptions = {exclusive1: true};
      //=> Works
      exclusiveOptions = {exclusive2: 'hi'};
      //=> Works
      exclusiveOptions = {exclusive1: true, exclusive2: 'hi'};
      //=> Error

      Object

    type MultidimensionalArray

    type MultidimensionalArray<
    Element,
    Dimensions extends number
    > = number extends Dimensions
    ? Recursive<Element>
    : IsEqual<Dimensions, 0> extends true
    ? Element
    : Array<MultidimensionalArray<Element, Subtract<Dimensions, 1>>>;
    • Creates a type that represents a multidimensional array of the given type and dimension.

      Use-cases: - Return a n-dimensional array from functions. - Declare a n-dimensional array by defining its dimensions rather than declaring [] repetitively. - Infer the dimensions of a n-dimensional array automatically from function arguments. - Avoid the need to know in advance the dimensions of a n-dimensional array allowing them to be dynamic.

      Example 1

      import type {MultidimensionalArray} from 'type-fest';
      function emptyMatrix<T extends number>(dimensions: T): MultidimensionalArray<unknown, T> {
      const matrix: unknown[] = [];
      let subMatrix = matrix;
      for (let dimension = 1; dimension < dimensions; ++dimension) {
      console.log(`Initializing dimension #${dimension}`);
      subMatrix[0] = [];
      subMatrix = subMatrix[0] as unknown[];
      }
      return matrix as MultidimensionalArray<unknown, T>;
      }
      const matrix = emptyMatrix(3);
      matrix[0][0][0] = 42;

      Array

    type MultidimensionalReadonlyArray

    type MultidimensionalReadonlyArray<
    Element,
    Dimensions extends number
    > = number extends Dimensions
    ? Recursive<Element>
    : IsEqual<Dimensions, 0> extends true
    ? Element
    : ReadonlyArray<MultidimensionalReadonlyArray<Element, Subtract<Dimensions, 1>>>;
    • Creates a type that represents a multidimensional readonly array that of the given type and dimension.

      Use-cases: - Return a n-dimensional array from functions. - Declare a n-dimensional array by defining its dimensions rather than declaring [] repetitively. - Infer the dimensions of a n-dimensional array automatically from function arguments. - Avoid the need to know in advance the dimensions of a n-dimensional array allowing them to be dynamic.

      Example 1

      import type {MultidimensionalReadonlyArray} from 'type-fest';
      function emptyMatrix<T extends number>(dimensions: T): MultidimensionalReadonlyArray<unknown, T> {
      const matrix: unknown[] = [];
      let subMatrix = matrix;
      for (let dimension = 1; dimension < dimensions; ++dimension) {
      console.log(`Initializing dimension #${dimension}`);
      subMatrix[0] = [];
      if (dimension < dimensions - 1) {
      subMatrix = subMatrix[0] as unknown[];
      } else {
      subMatrix[0] = 42;
      }
      }
      return matrix as MultidimensionalReadonlyArray<unknown, T>;
      }
      const matrix = emptyMatrix(3);
      const answer = matrix[0][0][0]; // 42

      Array

    type Negative

    type Negative<T extends Numeric> = T extends Zero
    ? never
    : `${T}` extends `-${string}`
    ? T
    : never;
    • A negative number/bigint (-∞ < x < 0)

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      See Also

      • NegativeInteger

      • NonNegative

        Numeric

    type NegativeFloat

    type NegativeFloat<T extends number> = Negative<Float<T>>;
    • A negative (-∞ < x < 0) number that is not an integer. Equivalent to Negative<Float<T>>.

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      See Also

      • Negative

      • Float

        Numeric

    type NegativeInfinity

    type NegativeInfinity = -1e999;
    • Matches the hidden -Infinity type.

      Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/32277) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.

      See Also

      • PositiveInfinity

        Numeric

    type NegativeInteger

    type NegativeInteger<T extends number> = Negative<Integer<T>>;
    • A negative (-∞ < x < 0) number that is an integer. Equivalent to Negative<Integer<T>>.

      You can't pass a bigint as they are already guaranteed to be integers, instead use Negative<T>.

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      See Also

      • Negative

      • Integer

        Numeric

    type NonEmptyObject

    type NonEmptyObject<T extends object> = HasRequiredKeys<T> extends true
    ? T
    : RequireAtLeastOne<T, keyof T>;
    • Represents an object with at least 1 non-optional key.

      This is useful when you need an object where all keys are optional, but there must be at least 1 key.

      Example 1

      import type {NonEmptyObject} from 'type-fest';
      type User = {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
      id: number;
      };
      type UpdateRequest<Entity extends object> = NonEmptyObject<Partial<Entity>>;
      const update1: UpdateRequest<User> = {
      name: 'Alice',
      surname: 'Acme',
      };
      // At least 1 key is required, therefore this will report a 2322 error:
      // Type '{}' is not assignable to type 'UpdateRequest<User>'
      const update2: UpdateRequest<User> = {};

      See Also

      • Use IsEmptyObject to check whether an object is empty.

        Object

    type NonEmptyTuple

    type NonEmptyTuple<T = unknown> = readonly [T, ...T[]];
    • Matches any non-empty tuple.

      Example 1

      import type {NonEmptyTuple} from 'type-fest';
      const sum = (...numbers: NonEmptyTuple<number>) => numbers.reduce((total, value) => total + value, 0);
      sum(1, 2, 3);
      //=> 6
      sum();
      //=> Error: Expected at least 1 arguments, but got 0.

      See Also

    type NonNegative

    type NonNegative<T extends Numeric> = T extends Zero
    ? T
    : Negative<T> extends never
    ? T
    : never;
    • A non-negative number/bigint (0 <= x < ∞).

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      Example 1

      import type {NonNegative} from 'type-fest';
      declare function setLength<T extends number>(length: NonNegative<T>): void;

      Numeric

      See Also

      • NonNegativeInteger

      • Negative

    type NonNegativeInteger

    type NonNegativeInteger<T extends number> = NonNegative<Integer<T>>;
    • A non-negative (0 <= x < ∞) number that is an integer. Equivalent to NonNegative<Integer<T>>.

      You can't pass a bigint as they are already guaranteed to be integers, instead use NonNegative<T>.

      Use-case: Validating and documenting parameters.

      Example 1

      import type {NonNegativeInteger} from 'type-fest';
      declare function setLength<T extends number>(length: NonNegativeInteger<T>): void;

      Numeric

      See Also

      • NonNegative

      • Integer

    type ObservableLike

    type ObservableLike<ValueType = unknown> = {
    subscribe(observer?: Partial<Observer<ValueType>>): Unsubscribable;
    [Symbol.observable](): ObservableLike<ValueType>;
    };
    • Matches a value that is like an [Observable](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable).

      Remarks

      The TC39 Observable proposal defines 2 forms of subscribe(): 1. Three callback arguments: subscribe(observer: OnNext<ValueType>, onError?: OnError, onComplete?: OnComplete): Unsubscribable; 2. A single observer argument: (as defined below)

      But Observable implementations have evolved to preferring case 2 and some implementations choose not to implement case 1. Therefore, an ObservableLike cannot be trusted to implement the first case. (xstream and hand built observerables often do not implement case 1)

      See Also

      • https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable#observable

      • https://github.com/tc39/proposal-observable/blob/master/src/Observable.js#L246-L259

      • https://benlesh.com/posts/learning-observable-by-building-observable/

        Observable

    type Observer

    type Observer<ValueType> = {
    next: OnNext<ValueType>;
    error: OnError;
    complete: OnComplete;
    };
    • Observable

    type OmitDeep

    type OmitDeep<T, PathUnion extends LiteralUnion<Paths<T>, string>> = SimplifyDeep<
    SharedUnionFieldsDeep<
    { [P in PathUnion]: OmitDeepWithOnePath<T, P> }[PathUnion]
    >,
    UnknownArray
    >;
    • Omit properties from a deeply-nested object.

      It supports recursing into arrays.

      It supports removing specific items from an array, replacing each removed item with unknown at the specified index.

      Use-case: Remove unneeded parts of complex objects.

      Use [Omit](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#omittype-keys) if you only need one level deep.

      Example 1

      import type {OmitDeep} from 'type-fest';
      type Info = {
      userInfo: {
      name: string;
      uselessInfo: {
      foo: string;
      };
      };
      };
      type UsefulInfo = OmitDeep<Info, 'userInfo.uselessInfo'>;
      // type UsefulInfo = {
      // userInfo: {
      // name: string;
      // };
      // };
      // Supports removing multiple paths
      type Info1 = {
      userInfo: {
      name: string;
      uselessField: string;
      uselessInfo: {
      foo: string;
      };
      };
      };
      type UsefulInfo1 = OmitDeep<Info1, 'userInfo.uselessInfo' | 'userInfo.uselessField'>;
      // type UsefulInfo1 = {
      // userInfo: {
      // name: string;
      // };
      // };
      // Supports array
      type A = OmitDeep<[1, 'foo', 2], 1>;
      // type A = [1, unknown, 2];
      // Supports recursing into array
      type Info1 = {
      address: [
      {
      street: string
      },
      {
      street2: string,
      foo: string
      };
      ];
      }
      type AddressInfo = OmitDeep<Info1, 'address.1.foo'>;
      // type AddressInfo = {
      // address: [
      // {
      // street: string;
      // },
      // {
      // street2: string;
      // };
      // ];
      // };

      Object Array

    type OmitIndexSignature

    type OmitIndexSignature<ObjectType> = {
    [KeyType in keyof ObjectType as {} extends Record<KeyType, unknown>
    ? never
    : KeyType]: ObjectType[KeyType];
    };
    • Omit any index signatures from the given object type, leaving only explicitly defined properties.

      This is the counterpart of PickIndexSignature.

      Use-cases: - Remove overly permissive signatures from third-party types.

      This type was taken from this [StackOverflow answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/68261113/420747).

      It relies on the fact that an empty object ({}) is assignable to an object with just an index signature, like Record<string, unknown>, but not to an object with explicitly defined keys, like Record<'foo' | 'bar', unknown>.

      (The actual value type, unknown, is irrelevant and could be any type. Only the key type matters.)

      const indexed: Record<string, unknown> = {}; // Allowed
      const keyed: Record<'foo', unknown> = {}; // Error
      // => TS2739: Type '{}' is missing the following properties from type 'Record<"foo" | "bar", unknown>': foo, bar

      Instead of causing a type error like the above, you can also use a [conditional type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/conditional-types.html) to test whether a type is assignable to another:

      type Indexed = {} extends Record<string, unknown>
      ? '✅ `{}` is assignable to `Record<string, unknown>`'
      : '❌ `{}` is NOT assignable to `Record<string, unknown>`';
      // => '✅ `{}` is assignable to `Record<string, unknown>`'
      type Keyed = {} extends Record<'foo' | 'bar', unknown>
      ? "✅ `{}` is assignable to `Record<'foo' | 'bar', unknown>`"
      : "❌ `{}` is NOT assignable to `Record<'foo' | 'bar', unknown>`";
      // => "❌ `{}` is NOT assignable to `Record<'foo' | 'bar', unknown>`"

      Using a [mapped type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/mapped-types.html#further-exploration), you can then check for each KeyType of ObjectType...

      import type {OmitIndexSignature} from 'type-fest';
      type OmitIndexSignature<ObjectType> = {
      [KeyType in keyof ObjectType // Map each key of `ObjectType`...
      ]: ObjectType[KeyType]; // ...to its original value, i.e. `OmitIndexSignature<Foo> == Foo`.
      };

      ...whether an empty object ({}) would be assignable to an object with that KeyType (Record<KeyType, unknown>)...

      import type {OmitIndexSignature} from 'type-fest';
      type OmitIndexSignature<ObjectType> = {
      [KeyType in keyof ObjectType
      // Is `{}` assignable to `Record<KeyType, unknown>`?
      as {} extends Record<KeyType, unknown>
      ? ... // ✅ `{}` is assignable to `Record<KeyType, unknown>`
      : ... // ❌ `{}` is NOT assignable to `Record<KeyType, unknown>`
      ]: ObjectType[KeyType];
      };

      If {} is assignable, it means that KeyType is an index signature and we want to remove it. If it is not assignable, KeyType is a "real" key and we want to keep it.

      import type {OmitIndexSignature} from 'type-fest';
      type OmitIndexSignature<ObjectType> = {
      [KeyType in keyof ObjectType
      as {} extends Record<KeyType, unknown>
      ? never // => Remove this `KeyType`.
      : KeyType // => Keep this `KeyType` as it is.
      ]: ObjectType[KeyType];
      };

      Example 1

      import type {OmitIndexSignature} from 'type-fest';
      interface Example {
      // These index signatures will be removed.
      [x: string]: any
      [x: number]: any
      [x: symbol]: any
      [x: `head-${string}`]: string
      [x: `${string}-tail`]: string
      [x: `head-${string}-tail`]: string
      [x: `${bigint}`]: string
      [x: `embedded-${number}`]: string
      // These explicitly defined keys will remain.
      foo: 'bar';
      qux?: 'baz';
      }
      type ExampleWithoutIndexSignatures = OmitIndexSignature<Example>;
      // => { foo: 'bar'; qux?: 'baz' | undefined; }

      See Also

      • PickIndexSignature Object

    type OnComplete

    type OnComplete = () => void;
    • Observable

    type OnError

    type OnError = (error: unknown) => void;
    • Observable

    type OnNext

    type OnNext<ValueType> = (value: ValueType) => void;
    • Observable

    type Opaque

    type Opaque<Type, Token = unknown> = Type & TagContainer<Token>;
    • Note: The Opaque type is deprecated in favor of Tagged.

      Attach a "tag" to an arbitrary type. This allows you to create distinct types, that aren't assignable to one another, for runtime values that would otherwise have the same type. (See examples.)

      The generic type parameters can be anything.

      Note that Opaque is somewhat of a misnomer here, in that, unlike [some alternative implementations](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/4895#issuecomment-425132582), the original, untagged type is not actually hidden. (E.g., functions that accept the untagged type can still be called with the "opaque" version -- but not vice-versa.)

      Also note that this implementation is limited to a single tag. If you want to allow multiple tags, use Tagged instead.

      [Read more about tagged types.](https://medium.com/@KevinBGreene/surviving-the-typescript-ecosystem-branding-and-type-tagging-6cf6e516523d)

      There have been several discussions about adding similar features to TypeScript. Unfortunately, nothing has (yet) moved forward: - [Microsoft/TypeScript#202](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/202) - [Microsoft/TypeScript#15408](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/15408) - [Microsoft/TypeScript#15807](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/15807)

      Example 1

      import type {Opaque} from 'type-fest';
      type AccountNumber = Opaque<number, 'AccountNumber'>;
      type AccountBalance = Opaque<number, 'AccountBalance'>;
      // The `Token` parameter allows the compiler to differentiate between types, whereas "unknown" will not. For example, consider the following structures:
      type ThingOne = Opaque<string>;
      type ThingTwo = Opaque<string>;
      // To the compiler, these types are allowed to be cast to each other as they have the same underlying type. They are both `string & { __opaque__: unknown }`.
      // To avoid this behaviour, you would instead pass the "Token" parameter, like so.
      type NewThingOne = Opaque<string, 'ThingOne'>;
      type NewThingTwo = Opaque<string, 'ThingTwo'>;
      // Now they're completely separate types, so the following will fail to compile.
      function createNewThingOne (): NewThingOne {
      // As you can see, casting from a string is still allowed. However, you may not cast NewThingOne to NewThingTwo, and vice versa.
      return 'new thing one' as NewThingOne;
      }
      // This will fail to compile, as they are fundamentally different types.
      const thingTwo = createNewThingOne() as NewThingTwo;
      // Here's another example of opaque typing.
      function createAccountNumber(): AccountNumber {
      return 2 as AccountNumber;
      }
      function getMoneyForAccount(accountNumber: AccountNumber): AccountBalance {
      return 4 as AccountBalance;
      }
      // This will compile successfully.
      getMoneyForAccount(createAccountNumber());
      // But this won't, because it has to be explicitly passed as an `AccountNumber` type.
      getMoneyForAccount(2);
      // You can use opaque values like they aren't opaque too.
      const accountNumber = createAccountNumber();
      // This will compile successfully.
      const newAccountNumber = accountNumber + 2;
      // As a side note, you can (and should) use recursive types for your opaque types to make them stronger and hopefully easier to type.
      type Person = {
      id: Opaque<number, Person>;
      name: string;
      };

      Type

      Deprecated

      Use Tagged instead

    type OptionalKeysOf

    type OptionalKeysOf<BaseType extends object> = Exclude<
    {
    [Key in keyof BaseType]: BaseType extends Record<Key, BaseType[Key]>
    ? never
    : Key;
    }[keyof BaseType],
    undefined
    >;
    • Extract all optional keys from the given type.

      This is useful when you want to create a new type that contains different type values for the optional keys only.

      Example 1

      import type {OptionalKeysOf, Except} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
      luckyNumber?: number;
      }
      const REMOVE_FIELD = Symbol('remove field symbol');
      type UpdateOperation<Entity extends object> = Except<Partial<Entity>, OptionalKeysOf<Entity>> & {
      [Key in OptionalKeysOf<Entity>]?: Entity[Key] | typeof REMOVE_FIELD;
      };
      const update1: UpdateOperation<User> = {
      name: 'Alice'
      };
      const update2: UpdateOperation<User> = {
      name: 'Bob',
      luckyNumber: REMOVE_FIELD
      };

      Utilities

    type Or

    type Or<A extends boolean, B extends boolean> = [A, B][number] extends false
    ? false
    : true extends [IsEqual<A, true>, IsEqual<B, true>][number]
    ? true
    : never;
    • Returns a boolean for whether either of two given types are true.

      Use-case: Constructing complex conditional types where multiple conditions must be satisfied.

      Example 1

      import type {Or} from 'type-fest';
      Or<true, false>;
      //=> true
      Or<false, false>;
      //=> false

      See Also

    type OverrideProperties

    type OverrideProperties<
    TOriginal,
    // This first bit where we use `Partial` is to enable autocomplete
    // and the second bit with the mapped type is what enforces that we don't try
    // to override properties that doesn't exist in the original type.
    TOverride extends Partial<Record<keyof TOriginal, unknown>> & {
    [Key in keyof TOverride]: Key extends keyof TOriginal
    ? TOverride[Key]
    : never;
    }
    > = Merge<TOriginal, TOverride>;
    • Override existing properties of the given type. Similar to Merge, but enforces that the original type has the properties you want to override.

      This is useful when you want to override existing properties with a different type and make sure that these properties really exist in the original.

      Example 1

      type Foo = {
      a: string
      b: string
      }
      type Bar = OverrideProperties<Foo, {b: number}>
      //=> {a: string, b: number}
      type Baz = OverrideProperties<Foo, {c: number}>
      // Error, type '{ c: number; }' does not satisfy the constraint '{ c: never; }'
      type Fizz = OverrideProperties<Foo, {b: number; c: number}>
      // Error, type '{ b: number; c: number; }' does not satisfy the constraint '{ b: number; c: never; }'

      Object

    type PackageJson

    type PackageJson = JsonObject &
    PackageJson.NodeJsStandard &
    PackageJson.PackageJsonStandard &
    PackageJson.NonStandardEntryPoints &
    PackageJson.TypeScriptConfiguration &
    PackageJson.YarnConfiguration &
    PackageJson.JSPMConfiguration;
    • Type for [npm's package.json file](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file). Also includes types for fields used by other popular projects, like TypeScript and Yarn.

      File

    type PartialDeep

    type PartialDeep<T, Options extends PartialDeepOptions = {}> = T extends
    | BuiltIns
    | ((...arguments_: any[]) => unknown)
    | (new (...arguments_: any[]) => unknown)
    ? T
    : T extends Map<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
    ? PartialMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType, Options>
    : T extends Set<infer ItemType>
    ? PartialSetDeep<ItemType, Options>
    : T extends ReadonlyMap<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
    ? PartialReadonlyMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType, Options>
    : T extends ReadonlySet<infer ItemType>
    ? PartialReadonlySetDeep<ItemType, Options>
    : T extends object
    ? T extends ReadonlyArray<infer ItemType> // Test for arrays/tuples, per https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/35156
    ? Options['recurseIntoArrays'] extends true
    ? ItemType[] extends T // Test for arrays (non-tuples) specifically
    ? readonly ItemType[] extends T // Differentiate readonly and mutable arrays
    ? ReadonlyArray<PartialDeep<ItemType | undefined, Options>>
    : Array<PartialDeep<ItemType | undefined, Options>>
    : PartialObjectDeep<T, Options> // Tuples behave properly
    : T // If they don't opt into array testing, just use the original type
    : PartialObjectDeep<T, Options>
    : unknown;
    • Create a type from another type with all keys and nested keys set to optional.

      Use-cases: - Merging a default settings/config object with another object, the second object would be a deep partial of the default object. - Mocking and testing complex entities, where populating an entire object with its keys would be redundant in terms of the mock or test.

      Example 1

      import type {PartialDeep} from 'type-fest';
      const settings: Settings = {
      textEditor: {
      fontSize: 14;
      fontColor: '#000000';
      fontWeight: 400;
      }
      autocomplete: false;
      autosave: true;
      };
      const applySavedSettings = (savedSettings: PartialDeep<Settings>) => {
      return {...settings, ...savedSettings};
      }
      settings = applySavedSettings({textEditor: {fontWeight: 500}});

      By default, this does not affect elements in array and tuple types. You can change this by passing {recurseIntoArrays: true} as the second type argument:

      import type {PartialDeep} from 'type-fest';
      interface Settings {
      languages: string[];
      }
      const partialSettings: PartialDeep<Settings, {recurseIntoArrays: true}> = {
      languages: [undefined]
      };

      Object Array Set Map

    type PartialDeepOptions

    type PartialDeepOptions = {
    /**
    Whether to affect the individual elements of arrays and tuples.
    @default false
    */
    readonly recurseIntoArrays?: boolean;
    };
    • See Also

      • PartialDeep

    type PartialOnUndefinedDeep

    type PartialOnUndefinedDeep<
    T,
    Options extends PartialOnUndefinedDeepOptions = {}
    > = T extends Record<any, any> | undefined
    ? {
    [KeyType in keyof T as undefined extends T[KeyType]
    ? IfUnknown<T[KeyType], never, KeyType>
    : never]?: PartialOnUndefinedDeepValue<T[KeyType], Options>;
    } extends infer U // Make a partial type with all value types accepting undefined (and set them optional)
    ? Merge<
    {
    [KeyType in keyof T as KeyType extends LiteralKeyOf<U>
    ? never
    : KeyType]: PartialOnUndefinedDeepValue<T[KeyType], Options>;
    },
    U
    > // Join all remaining keys not treated in U
    : never // Should not happen
    : T;
    • Create a deep version of another type where all keys accepting undefined type are set to optional.

      This utility type is recursive, transforming at any level deep. By default, it does not affect arrays and tuples items unless you explicitly pass {recurseIntoArrays: true} as the second type argument.

      Use-cases: - Make all properties of a type that can be undefined optional to not have to specify keys with undefined value.

      Example 1

      import type {PartialOnUndefinedDeep} from 'type-fest';
      interface Settings {
      optionA: string;
      optionB: number | undefined;
      subOption: {
      subOptionA: boolean;
      subOptionB: boolean | undefined;
      }
      };
      const testSettings: PartialOnUndefinedDeep<Settings> = {
      optionA: 'foo',
      // 👉 optionB is now optional and can be omitted
      subOption: {
      subOptionA: true,
      // 👉 subOptionB is now optional as well and can be omitted
      },
      };

      Object

    type PartialOnUndefinedDeepOptions

    type PartialOnUndefinedDeepOptions = {
    /**
    Whether to affect the individual elements of arrays and tuples.
    @default false
    */
    readonly recurseIntoArrays?: boolean;
    };
    • See Also

      • PartialOnUndefinedDeep

    type PascalCase

    type PascalCase<
    Value,
    Options extends CamelCaseOptions = { preserveConsecutiveUppercase: true }
    > = CamelCase<Value, Options> extends string
    ? Capitalize<CamelCase<Value, Options>>
    : CamelCase<Value, Options>;
    • Converts a string literal to pascal-case.

      Example 1

      import type {PascalCase} from 'type-fest';
      // Simple
      const someVariable: PascalCase<'foo-bar'> = 'FooBar';
      // Advanced
      type PascalCaseProps<T> = {
      [K in keyof T as PascalCase<K>]: T[K]
      };
      interface RawOptions {
      'dry-run': boolean;
      'full_family_name': string;
      foo: number;
      }
      const dbResult: CamelCasedProperties<ModelProps> = {
      DryRun: true,
      FullFamilyName: 'bar.js',
      Foo: 123
      };

      Change case Template literal

    type PascalCasedProperties

    type PascalCasedProperties<
    Value,
    Options extends CamelCaseOptions = { preserveConsecutiveUppercase: true }
    > = Value extends Function
    ? Value
    : Value extends Array<infer U>
    ? Value
    : { [K in keyof Value as PascalCase<K, Options>]: Value[K] };
    • Convert object properties to pascal case but not recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {PascalCasedProperties} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      const result: PascalCasedProperties<User> = {
      UserId: 1,
      UserName: 'Tom',
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • PascalCase

      • PascalCasedPropertiesDeep

    type PascalCasedPropertiesDeep

    type PascalCasedPropertiesDeep<
    Value,
    Options extends CamelCaseOptions = { preserveConsecutiveUppercase: true }
    > = Value extends Function | Date | RegExp
    ? Value
    : Value extends Array<infer U>
    ? Array<PascalCasedPropertiesDeep<U, Options>>
    : Value extends Set<infer U>
    ? Set<PascalCasedPropertiesDeep<U, Options>>
    : {
    [K in keyof Value as PascalCase<K, Options>]: PascalCasedPropertiesDeep<
    Value[K],
    Options
    >;
    };
    • Convert object properties to pascal case recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {PascalCasedPropertiesDeep} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      interface UserWithFriends {
      userInfo: User;
      userFriends: User[];
      }
      const result: PascalCasedPropertiesDeep<UserWithFriends> = {
      UserInfo: {
      UserId: 1,
      UserName: 'Tom',
      },
      UserFriends: [
      {
      UserId: 2,
      UserName: 'Jerry',
      },
      {
      UserId: 3,
      UserName: 'Spike',
      },
      ],
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • PascalCase

      • PascalCasedProperties

    type Paths

    type Paths<T, Options extends PathsOptions = {}> = _Paths<
    T,
    {
    // Set default maxRecursionDepth to 10
    maxRecursionDepth: Options['maxRecursionDepth'] extends number
    ? Options['maxRecursionDepth']
    : DefaultPathsOptions['maxRecursionDepth'];
    // Set default bracketNotation to false
    bracketNotation: Options['bracketNotation'] extends boolean
    ? Options['bracketNotation']
    : DefaultPathsOptions['bracketNotation'];
    }
    >;
    • Generate a union of all possible paths to properties in the given object.

      It also works with arrays.

      Use-case: You want a type-safe way to access deeply nested properties in an object.

      Example 1

      import type {Paths} from 'type-fest';
      type Project = {
      filename: string;
      listA: string[];
      listB: [{filename: string}];
      folder: {
      subfolder: {
      filename: string;
      };
      };
      };
      type ProjectPaths = Paths<Project>;
      //=> 'filename' | 'listA' | 'listB' | 'folder' | `listA.${number}` | 'listB.0' | 'listB.0.filename' | 'folder.subfolder' | 'folder.subfolder.filename'
      declare function open<Path extends ProjectPaths>(path: Path): void;
      open('filename'); // Pass
      open('folder.subfolder'); // Pass
      open('folder.subfolder.filename'); // Pass
      open('foo'); // TypeError
      // Also works with arrays
      open('listA.1'); // Pass
      open('listB.0'); // Pass
      open('listB.1'); // TypeError. Because listB only has one element.

      Object Array

    type PickDeep

    type PickDeep<T, PathUnion extends Paths<T>> = T extends NonRecursiveType
    ? never
    : T extends UnknownArray
    ? UnionToIntersection<
    {
    [P in PathUnion]: InternalPickDeep<T, P>;
    }[PathUnion]
    >
    : T extends object
    ? Simplify<
    UnionToIntersection<
    {
    [P in PathUnion]: InternalPickDeep<T, P>;
    }[PathUnion]
    >
    >
    : never;
    • Pick properties from a deeply-nested object.

      It supports recursing into arrays.

      Use-case: Distill complex objects down to the components you need to target.

      Example 1

      import type {PickDeep, PartialDeep} from 'type-fest';
      type Configuration = {
      userConfig: {
      name: string;
      age: number;
      address: [
      {
      city1: string;
      street1: string;
      },
      {
      city2: string;
      street2: string;
      }
      ]
      };
      otherConfig: any;
      };
      type NameConfig = PickDeep<Configuration, 'userConfig.name'>;
      // type NameConfig = {
      // userConfig: {
      // name: string;
      // }
      // };
      // Supports optional properties
      type User = PickDeep<PartialDeep<Configuration>, 'userConfig.name' | 'userConfig.age'>;
      // type User = {
      // userConfig?: {
      // name?: string;
      // age?: number;
      // };
      // };
      // Supports array
      type AddressConfig = PickDeep<Configuration, 'userConfig.address.0'>;
      // type AddressConfig = {
      // userConfig: {
      // address: [{
      // city1: string;
      // street1: string;
      // }];
      // };
      // }
      // Supports recurse into array
      type Street = PickDeep<Configuration, 'userConfig.address.1.street2'>;
      // type Street = {
      // userConfig: {
      // address: [
      // unknown,
      // {street2: string}
      // ];
      // };
      // }

      Object Array

    type PickIndexSignature

    type PickIndexSignature<ObjectType> = {
    [KeyType in keyof ObjectType as {} extends Record<KeyType, unknown>
    ? KeyType
    : never]: ObjectType[KeyType];
    };
    • Pick only index signatures from the given object type, leaving out all explicitly defined properties.

      This is the counterpart of OmitIndexSignature.

      When you use a type that will iterate through an object that has indexed keys and explicitly defined keys you end up with a type where only the indexed keys are kept. This is because keyof of an indexed type always returns string | number | symbol, because every key is possible in that object. With this type, you can save the indexed keys and reinject them later, like in the second example below.

      Example 1

      import type {PickIndexSignature} from 'type-fest';
      declare const symbolKey: unique symbol;
      type Example = {
      // These index signatures will remain.
      [x: string]: unknown;
      [x: number]: unknown;
      [x: symbol]: unknown;
      [x: `head-${string}`]: string;
      [x: `${string}-tail`]: string;
      [x: `head-${string}-tail`]: string;
      [x: `${bigint}`]: string;
      [x: `embedded-${number}`]: string;
      // These explicitly defined keys will be removed.
      ['snake-case-key']: string;
      [symbolKey]: string;
      foo: 'bar';
      qux?: 'baz';
      };
      type ExampleIndexSignature = PickIndexSignature<Example>;
      // {
      // [x: string]: unknown;
      // [x: number]: unknown;
      // [x: symbol]: unknown;
      // [x: `head-${string}`]: string;
      // [x: `${string}-tail`]: string;
      // [x: `head-${string}-tail`]: string;
      // [x: `${bigint}`]: string;
      // [x: `embedded-${number}`]: string;
      // }

      Example 2

      import type {OmitIndexSignature, PickIndexSignature, Simplify} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      [x: string]: string;
      foo: string;
      bar: number;
      };
      // Imagine that you want a new type `Bar` that comes from `Foo`.
      // => {
      // [x: string]: string;
      // bar: number;
      // };
      type Bar = Omit<Foo, 'foo'>;
      // This is not working because `Omit` returns only indexed keys.
      // => {
      // [x: string]: string;
      // [x: number]: string;
      // }
      // One solution is to save the indexed signatures to new type.
      type FooIndexSignature = PickIndexSignature<Foo>;
      // => {
      // [x: string]: string;
      // }
      // Get a new type without index signatures.
      type FooWithoutIndexSignature = OmitIndexSignature<Foo>;
      // => {
      // foo: string;
      // bar: number;
      // }
      // At this point we can use Omit to get our new type.
      type BarWithoutIndexSignature = Omit<FooWithoutIndexSignature, 'foo'>;
      // => {
      // bar: number;
      // }
      // And finally we can merge back the indexed signatures.
      type BarWithIndexSignature = Simplify<BarWithoutIndexSignature & FooIndexSignature>;
      // => {
      // [x: string]: string;
      // bar: number;
      // }

      See Also

      • OmitIndexSignature Object

    type PositiveInfinity

    type PositiveInfinity = 1e999;
    • Matches the hidden Infinity type.

      Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/32277) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.

      See Also

      • NegativeInfinity

        Numeric

    type Primitive

    type Primitive = null | undefined | string | number | boolean | symbol | bigint;
    • Matches any [primitive value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive).

      Type

    type Promisable

    type Promisable<T> = T | PromiseLike<T>;
    • Create a type that represents either the value or the value wrapped in PromiseLike.

      Use-cases: - A function accepts a callback that may either return a value synchronously or may return a promised value. - This type could be the return type of Promise#then(), Promise#catch(), and Promise#finally() callbacks.

      Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/31394) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.

      Example 1

      import type {Promisable} from 'type-fest';
      async function logger(getLogEntry: () => Promisable<string>): Promise<void> {
      const entry = await getLogEntry();
      console.log(entry);
      }
      logger(() => 'foo');
      logger(() => Promise.resolve('bar'));

      Async

    type ReadonlyDeep

    type ReadonlyDeep<T> = T extends BuiltIns
    ? T
    : T extends new (...arguments_: any[]) => unknown
    ? T // Skip class constructors
    : T extends (...arguments_: any[]) => unknown
    ? {} extends ReadonlyObjectDeep<T>
    ? T
    : HasMultipleCallSignatures<T> extends true
    ? T
    : ((...arguments_: Parameters<T>) => ReturnType<T>) & ReadonlyObjectDeep<T>
    : T extends Readonly<ReadonlyMap<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>>
    ? ReadonlyMapDeep<KeyType, ValueType>
    : T extends Readonly<ReadonlySet<infer ItemType>>
    ? ReadonlySetDeep<ItemType>
    : // Identify tuples to avoid converting them to arrays inadvertently; special case `readonly [...never[]]`, as it emerges undesirably from recursive invocations of ReadonlyDeep below.
    T extends readonly [] | readonly [...never[]]
    ? readonly []
    : T extends readonly [infer U, ...infer V]
    ? readonly [ReadonlyDeep<U>, ...ReadonlyDeep<V>]
    : T extends readonly [...infer U, infer V]
    ? readonly [...ReadonlyDeep<U>, ReadonlyDeep<V>]
    : T extends ReadonlyArray<infer ItemType>
    ? ReadonlyArray<ReadonlyDeep<ItemType>>
    : T extends object
    ? ReadonlyObjectDeep<T>
    : unknown;
    • Convert objects, Maps, Sets, and Arrays and all of their keys/elements into immutable structures recursively.

      This is useful when a deeply nested structure needs to be exposed as completely immutable, for example, an imported JSON module or when receiving an API response that is passed around.

      Please upvote [this issue](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/13923) if you want to have this type as a built-in in TypeScript.

      Example 1

      // data.json
      {
      "foo": ["bar"]
      }
      // main.ts
      import type {ReadonlyDeep} from 'type-fest';
      import dataJson = require('./data.json');
      const data: ReadonlyDeep<typeof dataJson> = dataJson;
      export default data;
      // test.ts
      import data from './main';
      data.foo.push('bar');
      //=> error TS2339: Property 'push' does not exist on type 'readonly string[]'

      Note that types containing overloaded functions are not made deeply readonly due to a [TypeScript limitation](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29732).

      Object Array Set Map

    type ReadonlyKeysOf

    type ReadonlyKeysOf<T> = NonNullable<
    {
    [P in keyof T]: IsEqual<
    { [Q in P]: T[P] },
    { readonly [Q in P]: T[P] }
    > extends true
    ? P
    : never;
    }[keyof T]
    >;
    • Extract all readonly keys from the given type.

      This is useful when you want to create a new type that contains readonly keys only.

      Example 1

      import type {ReadonlyKeysOf} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
      readonly id: number;
      }
      type UpdateResponse<Entity extends object> = Pick<Entity, ReadonlyKeysOf<Entity>>;
      const update1: UpdateResponse<User> = {
      id: 123,
      };

      Utilities

    type ReadonlyTuple

    type ReadonlyTuple<Element, Length extends number> = number extends Length
    ? // Because `Length extends number` and `number extends Length`, then `Length` is not a specific finite number.
    readonly Element[] // It's not fixed length.
    : BuildTupleHelper<Element, Length, []>;
    • Create a type that represents a read-only tuple of the given type and length.

      Use-cases: - Declaring fixed-length tuples with a large number of items. - Creating a range union (for example, 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 from the keys of such a type) without having to resort to recursive types. - Creating a tuple of coordinates with a static length, for example, length of 3 for a 3D vector.

      Example 1

      import {ReadonlyTuple} from 'type-fest';
      type FencingTeam = ReadonlyTuple<string, 3>;
      const guestFencingTeam: FencingTeam = ['Josh', 'Michael', 'Robert'];
      const homeFencingTeam: FencingTeam = ['George', 'John'];
      //=> error TS2322: Type string[] is not assignable to type 'FencingTeam'
      guestFencingTeam.push('Sam');
      //=> error TS2339: Property 'push' does not exist on type 'FencingTeam'

      Utilities

    type Replace

    type Replace<
    Input extends string,
    Search extends string,
    Replacement extends string,
    Options extends ReplaceOptions = {}
    > = Input extends `${infer Head}${Search}${infer Tail}`
    ? Options['all'] extends true
    ? `${Head}${Replacement}${Replace<Tail, Search, Replacement, Options>}`
    : `${Head}${Replacement}${Tail}`
    : Input;
    • Represents a string with some or all matches replaced by a replacement.

      Use-case: - snake-case-path to dotted.path.notation - Changing date/time format: 01-08-204201/08/2042 - Manipulation of type properties, for example, removal of prefixes

      Example 1

      import {Replace} from 'type-fest';
      declare function replace<
      Input extends string,
      Search extends string,
      Replacement extends string
      >(
      input: Input,
      search: Search,
      replacement: Replacement
      ): Replace<Input, Search, Replacement>;
      declare function replaceAll<
      Input extends string,
      Search extends string,
      Replacement extends string
      >(
      input: Input,
      search: Search,
      replacement: Replacement
      ): Replace<Input, Search, Replacement, {all: true}>;
      // The return type is the exact string literal, not just `string`.
      replace('hello ?', '?', '🦄');
      //=> 'hello 🦄'
      replace('hello ??', '?', '❓');
      //=> 'hello ❓?'
      replaceAll('10:42:00', ':', '-');
      //=> '10-42-00'
      replaceAll('__userName__', '__', '');
      //=> 'userName'
      replaceAll('My Cool Title', ' ', '');
      //=> 'MyCoolTitle'

      String Template literal

    type RequireAllOrNone

    type RequireAllOrNone<
    ObjectType,
    KeysType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType
    > = (RequireAll<ObjectType, KeysType> | RequireNone<KeysType>) &
    Omit<ObjectType, KeysType>;
    • Create a type that requires all of the given keys or none of the given keys. The remaining keys are kept as is.

      Use-cases: - Creating interfaces for components with mutually-inclusive keys.

      The caveat with RequireAllOrNone is that TypeScript doesn't always know at compile time every key that will exist at runtime. Therefore RequireAllOrNone can't do anything to prevent extra keys it doesn't know about.

      Example 1

      import type {RequireAllOrNone} from 'type-fest';
      type Responder = {
      text?: () => string;
      json?: () => string;
      secure: boolean;
      };
      const responder1: RequireAllOrNone<Responder, 'text' | 'json'> = {
      secure: true
      };
      const responder2: RequireAllOrNone<Responder, 'text' | 'json'> = {
      text: () => '{"message": "hi"}',
      json: () => '{"message": "ok"}',
      secure: true
      };

      Object

    type RequireAtLeastOne

    type RequireAtLeastOne<
    ObjectType,
    KeysType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType
    > = {
    // For each `Key` in `KeysType` make a mapped type:
    [Key in KeysType]-?: Required<Pick<ObjectType, Key>> & // 1. Make `Key`'s type required
    // 2. Make all other keys in `KeysType` optional
    Partial<Pick<ObjectType, Exclude<KeysType, Key>>>;
    }[KeysType] &
    // 3. Add the remaining keys not in `KeysType`
    Except<ObjectType, KeysType>;
    • Create a type that requires at least one of the given keys. The remaining keys are kept as is.

      Example 1

      import type {RequireAtLeastOne} from 'type-fest';
      type Responder = {
      text?: () => string;
      json?: () => string;
      secure?: boolean;
      };
      const responder: RequireAtLeastOne<Responder, 'text' | 'json'> = {
      json: () => '{"message": "ok"}',
      secure: true
      };

      Object

    type RequiredDeep

    type RequiredDeep<
    T,
    E extends ExcludeUndefined<T> = ExcludeUndefined<T>
    > = E extends BuiltIns
    ? E
    : E extends Map<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
    ? Map<RequiredDeep<KeyType>, RequiredDeep<ValueType>>
    : E extends Set<infer ItemType>
    ? Set<RequiredDeep<ItemType>>
    : E extends ReadonlyMap<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
    ? ReadonlyMap<RequiredDeep<KeyType>, RequiredDeep<ValueType>>
    : E extends ReadonlySet<infer ItemType>
    ? ReadonlySet<RequiredDeep<ItemType>>
    : E extends WeakMap<infer KeyType, infer ValueType>
    ? WeakMap<RequiredDeep<KeyType>, RequiredDeep<ValueType>>
    : E extends WeakSet<infer ItemType>
    ? WeakSet<RequiredDeep<ItemType>>
    : E extends Promise<infer ValueType>
    ? Promise<RequiredDeep<ValueType>>
    : E extends (...arguments_: any[]) => unknown
    ? {} extends RequiredObjectDeep<E>
    ? E
    : HasMultipleCallSignatures<E> extends true
    ? E
    : ((...arguments_: Parameters<E>) => ReturnType<E>) & RequiredObjectDeep<E>
    : E extends object
    ? E extends Array<infer ItemType> // Test for arrays/tuples, per https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/35156
    ? ItemType[] extends E // Test for arrays (non-tuples) specifically
    ? Array<RequiredDeep<ItemType>> // Recreate relevant array type to prevent eager evaluation of circular reference
    : RequiredObjectDeep<E> // Tuples behave properly
    : RequiredObjectDeep<E>
    : unknown;
    • Create a type from another type with all keys and nested keys set to required.

      Use-cases: - Creating optional configuration interfaces where the underlying implementation still requires all options to be fully specified. - Modeling the resulting type after a deep merge with a set of defaults.

      Example 1

      import type {RequiredDeep} from 'type-fest';
      type Settings = {
      textEditor?: {
      fontSize?: number | undefined;
      fontColor?: string | undefined;
      fontWeight?: number | undefined;
      }
      autocomplete?: boolean | undefined;
      autosave?: boolean | undefined;
      };
      type RequiredSettings = RequiredDeep<Settings>;
      // type RequiredSettings = {
      // textEditor: {
      // fontSize: number;
      // fontColor: string;
      // fontWeight: number;
      // }
      // autocomplete: boolean;
      // autosave: boolean;
      // }

      Note that types containing overloaded functions are not made deeply required due to a [TypeScript limitation](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29732).

      Utilities Object Array Set Map

    type RequiredKeysOf

    type RequiredKeysOf<BaseType extends object> = Exclude<
    {
    [Key in keyof BaseType]: BaseType extends Record<Key, BaseType[Key]>
    ? Key
    : never;
    }[keyof BaseType],
    undefined
    >;
    • Extract all required keys from the given type.

      This is useful when you want to create a new type that contains different type values for the required keys only or use the list of keys for validation purposes, etc...

      Example 1

      import type {RequiredKeysOf} from 'type-fest';
      declare function createValidation<Entity extends object, Key extends RequiredKeysOf<Entity> = RequiredKeysOf<Entity>>(field: Key, validator: (value: Entity[Key]) => boolean): ValidatorFn;
      interface User {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
      luckyNumber?: number;
      }
      const validator1 = createValidation<User>('name', value => value.length < 25);
      const validator2 = createValidation<User>('surname', value => value.length < 25);

      Utilities

    type RequireExactlyOne

    type RequireExactlyOne<
    ObjectType,
    KeysType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType
    > = {
    [Key in KeysType]: Required<Pick<ObjectType, Key>> &
    Partial<Record<Exclude<KeysType, Key>, never>>;
    }[KeysType] &
    Omit<ObjectType, KeysType>;
    • Create a type that requires exactly one of the given keys and disallows more. The remaining keys are kept as is.

      Use-cases: - Creating interfaces for components that only need one of the keys to display properly. - Declaring generic keys in a single place for a single use-case that gets narrowed down via RequireExactlyOne.

      The caveat with RequireExactlyOne is that TypeScript doesn't always know at compile time every key that will exist at runtime. Therefore RequireExactlyOne can't do anything to prevent extra keys it doesn't know about.

      Example 1

      import type {RequireExactlyOne} from 'type-fest';
      type Responder = {
      text: () => string;
      json: () => string;
      secure: boolean;
      };
      const responder: RequireExactlyOne<Responder, 'text' | 'json'> = {
      // Adding a `text` key here would cause a compile error.
      json: () => '{"message": "ok"}',
      secure: true
      };

      Object

    type RequireOneOrNone

    type RequireOneOrNone<
    ObjectType,
    KeysType extends keyof ObjectType = keyof ObjectType
    > = (RequireExactlyOne<ObjectType, KeysType> | RequireNone<KeysType>) &
    Omit<ObjectType, KeysType>;
    • Create a type that requires exactly one of the given keys and disallows more, or none of the given keys. The remaining keys are kept as is.

      Example 1

      import type {RequireOneOrNone} from 'type-fest';
      type Responder = RequireOneOrNone<{
      text: () => string;
      json: () => string;
      secure: boolean;
      }, 'text' | 'json'>;
      const responder1: Responder = {
      secure: true
      };
      const responder2: Responder = {
      text: () => '{"message": "hi"}',
      secure: true
      };
      const responder3: Responder = {
      json: () => '{"message": "ok"}',
      secure: true
      };

      Object

    type Schema

    type Schema<ObjectType, ValueType> = ObjectType extends string
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends Map<unknown, unknown>
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends Set<unknown>
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends ReadonlyMap<unknown, unknown>
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends ReadonlySet<unknown>
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends Array<infer U>
    ? Array<Schema<U, ValueType>>
    : ObjectType extends (...arguments_: unknown[]) => unknown
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends Date
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends Function
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends RegExp
    ? ValueType
    : ObjectType extends object
    ? SchemaObject<ObjectType, ValueType>
    : ValueType;
    • Create a deep version of another object type where property values are recursively replaced into a given value type.

      Use-cases: - Form validation: Define how each field should be validated. - Form settings: Define configuration for input fields. - Parsing: Define types that specify special behavior for specific fields.

      Example 1

      import type {Schema} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      id: string;
      name: {
      firstname: string;
      lastname: string;
      };
      created: Date;
      active: boolean;
      passwordHash: string;
      }
      type UserMask = Schema<User, 'mask' | 'hide' | 'show'>;
      const userMaskSettings: UserMask = {
      id: 'show',
      name: {
      firstname: 'show',
      lastname: 'mask',
      },
      created: 'show',
      active: 'show',
      passwordHash: 'hide',
      }

      Object

    type ScreamingSnakeCase

    type ScreamingSnakeCase<Value> = Value extends string
    ? IsScreamingSnakeCase<Value> extends true
    ? Value
    : Uppercase<SnakeCase<Value>>
    : Value;
    • Convert a string literal to screaming-snake-case.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting a camel-cased object property to a screaming-snake-cased SQL column name.

      Example 1

      import type {ScreamingSnakeCase} from 'type-fest';
      const someVariable: ScreamingSnakeCase<'fooBar'> = 'FOO_BAR';

      Change case Template literal

    type SetFieldType

    type SetFieldType<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType, NewType> = Simplify<
    Except<BaseType, Keys> & Record<Keys, NewType>
    >;
    • Create a type that changes the type of the given keys.

      Use-cases: - Creating variations of a base model. - Fixing incorrect external types.

      Example 1

      import type {SetFieldType} from 'type-fest';
      type MyModel = {
      id: number;
      createdAt: Date;
      updatedAt: Date;
      };
      type MyModelApi = SetFieldType<MyModel, 'createdAt' | 'updatedAt', string>;
      // {
      // id: number;
      // createdAt: string;
      // updatedAt: string;
      // }

      Object

      See Also

      • Merge if you need to change multiple properties to different types.

    type SetNonNullable

    type SetNonNullable<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType = keyof BaseType> = {
    [Key in keyof BaseType]: Key extends Keys
    ? NonNullable<BaseType[Key]>
    : BaseType[Key];
    };
    • Create a type that makes the given keys non-nullable, where the remaining keys are kept as is.

      If no keys are given, all keys will be made non-nullable.

      Use-case: You want to define a single model where the only thing that changes is whether or not some or all of the keys are non-nullable.

      Example 1

      import type {SetNonNullable} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      a: number | null;
      b: string | undefined;
      c?: boolean | null;
      }
      type SomeNonNullable = SetNonNullable<Foo, 'b' | 'c'>;
      // type SomeNonNullable = {
      // a: number | null;
      // b: string; // Can no longer be undefined.
      // c?: boolean; // Can no longer be null, but is still optional.
      // }
      type AllNonNullable = SetNonNullable<Foo>;
      // type AllNonNullable = {
      // a: number; // Can no longer be null.
      // b: string; // Can no longer be undefined.
      // c?: boolean; // Can no longer be null, but is still optional.
      // }

      Object

    type SetOptional

    type SetOptional<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType> = Simplify<
    // Pick just the keys that are readonly from the base type.
    Except<BaseType, Keys> &
    // Pick the keys that should be mutable from the base type and make them mutable.
    Partial<Pick<BaseType, Keys>>
    >;
    • Create a type that makes the given keys optional. The remaining keys are kept as is. The sister of the SetRequired type.

      Use-case: You want to define a single model where the only thing that changes is whether or not some of the keys are optional.

      Example 1

      import type {SetOptional} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      a: number;
      b?: string;
      c: boolean;
      }
      type SomeOptional = SetOptional<Foo, 'b' | 'c'>;
      // type SomeOptional = {
      // a: number;
      // b?: string; // Was already optional and still is.
      // c?: boolean; // Is now optional.
      // }

      Object

    type SetParameterType

    type SetParameterType<
    Function_ extends (...arguments_: any[]) => unknown,
    P extends Record<number, unknown>
    > =
    // Just using `Parameters<Fn>` isn't ideal because it doesn't handle the `this` fake parameter.
    Function_ extends (
    this: infer ThisArgument,
    ...arguments_: infer Arguments
    ) => unknown
    ? // If a function did not specify the `this` fake parameter, it will be inferred to `unknown`.
    // We want to detect this situation just to display a friendlier type upon hovering on an IntelliSense-powered IDE.
    IsUnknown<ThisArgument> extends true
    ? (
    ...arguments_: MergeObjectToArray<Arguments, P>
    ) => ReturnType<Function_>
    : (
    this: ThisArgument,
    ...arguments_: MergeObjectToArray<Arguments, P>
    ) => ReturnType<Function_>
    : Function_;
    • Create a function that replaces some parameters with the given parameters.

      The parameters that are not specified will be kept as-is.

      Note: - This type will ignore the given function's generic type. - If you change the parameter type that return type depends on, the return type will not change: ``` const fn = (a: number) => a; //=> fn: (a: number) => number;

      // We change type of a to string, but return type is still number. type Fn = SetParameterType<typeof fn, {0: string}>; //=> (a: string) => number; ```

      Use-case: - Define a wrapped function that receives something different while returning the same type. - Mocking and testing. - Overload function type. (See example)

      Example 1

      import type {SetParameterType} from 'type-fest';
      type HandleMessage = (data: Data, message: string, ...arguments: any[]) => void;
      type HandleOk = SetParameterType<HandleMessage, {0: SuccessData, 1: 'ok'}>;
      //=> type HandleOk = (data: SuccessData, message: 'ok') => void;
      // Another way to define the parameters to replace.
      type HandleError = SetParameterType<HandleMessage, [data: ErrorData, message: 'error']>;
      //=> type HandleError = (data: ErrorData, message: 'error') => void;
      // Change single parameter type.
      type HandleWarn = SetParameterType<HandleMessage, {1: 'warn'}>;
      //=> type HandleWarn = (data: Data, message: 'warn') => void;
      // Change rest parameter type.
      // Way 1: Input full parameter type.
      type HandleLog = SetParameterType<HandleMessage, [data: Data, message: 'log', ...arguments: string[]]>;
      //=> type HandleLog = (data: Data, message: 'log', ...arguments: string[]) => void;
      // Way 2: Input rest parameter type by Object index.
      type HandleLog2 = SetParameterType<HandleMessage, {2: string}>;
      //=> type HandleLog2 = (data: Data, message: string, ...arguments: string[]) => void;

      Function

    type SetReadonly

    type SetReadonly<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType> =
    // `extends unknown` is always going to be the case and is used to convert any
    // union into a [distributive conditional
    // type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-8.html#distributive-conditional-types).
    BaseType extends unknown
    ? Simplify<Except<BaseType, Keys> & Readonly<Pick<BaseType, Keys>>>
    : never;
    • Create a type that makes the given keys readonly. The remaining keys are kept as is.

      Use-case: You want to define a single model where the only thing that changes is whether or not some of the keys are readonly.

      Example 1

      import type {SetReadonly} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      a: number;
      readonly b: string;
      c: boolean;
      }
      type SomeReadonly = SetReadonly<Foo, 'b' | 'c'>;
      // type SomeReadonly = {
      // a: number;
      // readonly b: string; // Was already readonly and still is.
      // readonly c: boolean; // Is now readonly.
      // }

      Object

    type SetRequired

    type SetRequired<BaseType, Keys extends keyof BaseType> =
    // `extends unknown` is always going to be the case and is used to convert any
    // union into a [distributive conditional
    // type](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-8.html#distributive-conditional-types).
    BaseType extends unknown
    ? Simplify<
    // Pick just the keys that are optional from the base type.
    Except<BaseType, Keys> &
    // Pick the keys that should be required from the base type and make them required.
    Required<Pick<BaseType, Keys>>
    >
    : never;
    • Create a type that makes the given keys required. The remaining keys are kept as is. The sister of the SetOptional type.

      Use-case: You want to define a single model where the only thing that changes is whether or not some of the keys are required.

      Example 1

      import type {SetRequired} from 'type-fest';
      type Foo = {
      a?: number;
      b: string;
      c?: boolean;
      }
      type SomeRequired = SetRequired<Foo, 'b' | 'c'>;
      // type SomeRequired = {
      // a?: number;
      // b: string; // Was already required and still is.
      // c: boolean; // Is now required.
      // }

      Object

    type SetReturnType

    type SetReturnType<Function_ extends (...arguments_: any[]) => any, TypeToReturn> =
    // Just using `Parameters<Fn>` isn't ideal because it doesn't handle the `this` fake parameter.
    Function_ extends (
    this: infer ThisArgument,
    ...arguments_: infer Arguments
    ) => any
    ? // If a function did not specify the `this` fake parameter, it will be inferred to `unknown`.
    // We want to detect this situation just to display a friendlier type upon hovering on an IntelliSense-powered IDE.
    IsUnknown<ThisArgument> extends true
    ? (...arguments_: Arguments) => TypeToReturn
    : (this: ThisArgument, ...arguments_: Arguments) => TypeToReturn
    : // This part should be unreachable, but we make it meaningful just in case…
    (...arguments_: Parameters<Function_>) => TypeToReturn;
    • Create a function type with a return type of your choice and the same parameters as the given function type.

      Use-case: You want to define a wrapped function that returns something different while receiving the same parameters. For example, you might want to wrap a function that can throw an error into one that will return undefined instead.

      Example 1

      import type {SetReturnType} from 'type-fest';
      type MyFunctionThatCanThrow = (foo: SomeType, bar: unknown) => SomeOtherType;
      type MyWrappedFunction = SetReturnType<MyFunctionThatCanThrow, SomeOtherType | undefined>;
      //=> type MyWrappedFunction = (foo: SomeType, bar: unknown) => SomeOtherType | undefined;

      Function

    type SharedUnionFieldsDeep

    type SharedUnionFieldsDeep<
    Union,
    Options extends SharedUnionFieldsDeepOptions = { recurseIntoArrays: false }
    > =
    // If `Union` is not a union type, return `Union` directly.
    IsUnion<Union> extends false
    ? Union
    : // `Union extends` will convert `Union`
    // to a [distributive conditionaltype](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-8.html#distributive-conditional-types).
    // But this is not what we want, so we need to wrap `Union` with `[]` to prevent it.
    [Union] extends [
    NonRecursiveType | ReadonlyMap<unknown, unknown> | ReadonlySet<unknown>
    ]
    ? Union
    : [Union] extends [UnknownArray]
    ? Options['recurseIntoArrays'] extends true
    ? SetArrayAccess<
    SharedArrayUnionFieldsDeep<Union, Options>,
    IsArrayReadonly<Union>
    >
    : Union
    : [Union] extends [object]
    ? SharedObjectUnionFieldsDeep<Union, Options>
    : Union;
    • Create a type with shared fields from a union of object types, deeply traversing nested structures.

      Use the to specify the behavior for arrays.

      Use-cases: - You want a safe object type where each key exists in the union object. - You want to focus on the common fields of the union type and don't want to have to care about the other fields.

      Example 1

      import type {SharedUnionFieldsDeep} from 'type-fest';
      type Cat = {
      info: {
      name: string;
      type: 'cat';
      catType: string;
      };
      };
      type Dog = {
      info: {
      name: string;
      type: 'dog';
      dogType: string;
      };
      };
      function displayPetInfo(petInfo: (Cat | Dog)['info']) {
      // typeof petInfo =>
      // {
      // name: string;
      // type: 'cat';
      // catType: string; // Needn't care about this field, because it's not a common pet info field.
      // } | {
      // name: string;
      // type: 'dog';
      // dogType: string; // Needn't care about this field, because it's not a common pet info field.
      // }
      // petInfo type is complex and have some needless fields
      console.log('name: ', petInfo.name);
      console.log('type: ', petInfo.type);
      }
      function displayPetInfo(petInfo: SharedUnionFieldsDeep<Cat | Dog>['info']) {
      // typeof petInfo =>
      // {
      // name: string;
      // type: 'cat' | 'dog';
      // }
      // petInfo type is simple and clear
      console.log('name: ', petInfo.name);
      console.log('type: ', petInfo.type);
      }

      Object Union

    type Simplify

    type Simplify<T> = { [KeyType in keyof T]: T[KeyType] } & {};
    • Useful to flatten the type output to improve type hints shown in editors. And also to transform an interface into a type to aide with assignability.

      Example 1

      import type {Simplify} from 'type-fest';
      type PositionProps = {
      top: number;
      left: number;
      };
      type SizeProps = {
      width: number;
      height: number;
      };
      // In your editor, hovering over `Props` will show a flattened object with all the properties.
      type Props = Simplify<PositionProps & SizeProps>;

      Sometimes it is desired to pass a value as a function argument that has a different type. At first inspection it may seem assignable, and then you discover it is not because the value's type definition was defined as an interface. In the following example, fn requires an argument of type Record<string, unknown>. If the value is defined as a literal, then it is assignable. And if the value is defined as type using the Simplify utility the value is assignable. But if the value is defined as an interface, it is not assignable because the interface is not sealed and elsewhere a non-string property could be added to the interface.

      If the type definition must be an interface (perhaps it was defined in a third-party npm package), then the value can be defined as const value: Simplify<SomeInterface> = .... Then value will be assignable to the fn argument. Or the value can be cast as Simplify<SomeInterface> if you can't re-declare the value.

      Example 2

      import type {Simplify} from 'type-fest';
      interface SomeInterface {
      foo: number;
      bar?: string;
      baz: number | undefined;
      }
      type SomeType = {
      foo: number;
      bar?: string;
      baz: number | undefined;
      };
      const literal = {foo: 123, bar: 'hello', baz: 456};
      const someType: SomeType = literal;
      const someInterface: SomeInterface = literal;
      function fn(object: Record<string, unknown>): void {}
      fn(literal); // Good: literal object type is sealed
      fn(someType); // Good: type is sealed
      fn(someInterface); // Error: Index signature for type 'string' is missing in type 'someInterface'. Because `interface` can be re-opened
      fn(someInterface as Simplify<SomeInterface>); // Good: transform an `interface` into a `type`

      https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/15300

      See Also

      • SimplifyDeep Object

    type SimplifyDeep

    type SimplifyDeep<Type, ExcludeType = never> = ConditionalSimplifyDeep<
    Type,
    ExcludeType | NonRecursiveType | Set<unknown> | Map<unknown, unknown>,
    object
    >;
    • Deeply simplifies an object type.

      You can exclude certain types from being simplified by providing them in the second generic ExcludeType.

      Useful to flatten the type output to improve type hints shown in editors.

      Example 1

      import type {SimplifyDeep} from 'type-fest';
      type PositionX = {
      left: number;
      right: number;
      };
      type PositionY = {
      top: number;
      bottom: number;
      };
      type Properties1 = {
      height: number;
      position: PositionY;
      };
      type Properties2 = {
      width: number;
      position: PositionX;
      };
      type Properties = Properties1 & Properties2;
      // In your editor, hovering over `Props` will show the following:
      //
      // type Properties = Properties1 & Properties2;
      type SimplifyDeepProperties = SimplifyDeep<Properties1 & Properties2>;
      // But if wrapped in SimplifyDeep, hovering over `SimplifyDeepProperties` will show a flattened object with all the properties:
      //
      // SimplifyDeepProperties = {
      // height: number;
      // width: number;
      // position: {
      // top: number;
      // bottom: number;
      // left: number;
      // right: number;
      // };
      // };

      Example 2

      import type {SimplifyDeep} from 'type-fest';
      // A complex type that you don't want or need to simplify
      type ComplexType = {
      a: string;
      b: 'b';
      c: number;
      ...
      };
      type PositionX = {
      left: number;
      right: number;
      };
      type PositionY = {
      top: number;
      bottom: number;
      };
      // You want to simplify all other types
      type Properties1 = {
      height: number;
      position: PositionY;
      foo: ComplexType;
      };
      type Properties2 = {
      width: number;
      position: PositionX;
      foo: ComplexType;
      };
      type SimplifyDeepProperties = SimplifyDeep<Properties1 & Properties2, ComplexType>;
      // If wrapped in `SimplifyDeep` and set `ComplexType` to exclude, hovering over `SimplifyDeepProperties` will
      // show a flattened object with all the properties except `ComplexType`:
      //
      // SimplifyDeepProperties = {
      // height: number;
      // width: number;
      // position: {
      // top: number;
      // bottom: number;
      // left: number;
      // right: number;
      // };
      // foo: ComplexType;
      // };

      See Also

      • Simplify Object

    type SingleKeyObject

    type SingleKeyObject<ObjectType> = IsUnion<keyof ObjectType> extends true
    ? never
    : IfEmptyObject<ObjectType, never, ObjectType>;
    • Create a type that only accepts an object with a single key.

      Example 1

      import type {SingleKeyObject} from 'type-fest';
      const someFunction = <T>(parameter: SingleKeyObject<T>) => {};
      someFunction({
      value: true
      });
      someFunction({
      value: true,
      otherKey: true
      });
      // Error: Argument of type '{value: boolean; otherKey: boolean}' is not assignable to parameter of type 'never'.ts(2345)

      Object

    type SnakeCase

    type SnakeCase<Value> = DelimiterCase<Value, '_'>;
    • Convert a string literal to snake-case.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting a camel-cased object property to a snake-cased SQL column name.

      Example 1

      import type {SnakeCase} from 'type-fest';
      // Simple
      const someVariable: SnakeCase<'fooBar'> = 'foo_bar';
      // Advanced
      type SnakeCasedProperties<T> = {
      [K in keyof T as SnakeCase<K>]: T[K]
      };
      interface ModelProps {
      isHappy: boolean;
      fullFamilyName: string;
      foo: number;
      }
      const dbResult: SnakeCasedProperties<ModelProps> = {
      'is_happy': true,
      'full_family_name': 'Carla Smith',
      foo: 123
      };

      Change case Template literal

    type SnakeCasedProperties

    type SnakeCasedProperties<Value> = DelimiterCasedProperties<Value, '_'>;
    • Convert object properties to snake case but not recursively.

      This can be useful when, for example, converting some API types from a different style.

      Example 1

      import type {SnakeCasedProperties} from 'type-fest';
      interface User {
      userId: number;
      userName: string;
      }
      const result: SnakeCasedProperties<User> = {
      user_id: 1,
      user_name: 'Tom',
      };

      Change case Template literal Object

      See Also

      • SnakeCase

      • SnakeCa